"Heydrich's secret instructions regarding the riots in November 1938", "Die "Kristallnacht"-Lge - Die Ereignisse vom 9./10. [citation needed], The avant-garde guitarist Gary Lucas's 1988 composition "Verklrte Kristallnacht", which juxtaposes what would become the Israeli national anthem ten years after Kristallnacht, "Hatikvah", with phrases from the German national anthem "Deutschland ber Alles" amid wild electronic shrieks and noise, is intended to be a sonic representation of the horrors of Kristallnacht. Nearly 100 Jews were killed during, ,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps, That is not in contemplation; we have the quota system., How a Near-Death Experience Changed Rais Bhuiyans Life, Today in History: We Hold the Rock: The Occupation of Alcatraz and the Native American Fight for Sovereignty in the Age of Fracture, Jan 6 Hearing Tied Trump to The White Power Movement, Today in History: We Remember March 16th, 2021, Today in History: Antisemitism, an American Problem, Today in History: The Father Coughlin Story, Black History Month: Reflection, Celebration, and Repair, Today in History: Reading the Holocaust 77 Years After the Liberation of Auschwitz. German Jews lost their right to hold a driver's license or own an automobile. Thus, Kristallnacht figures as an essential turning point in Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews, which culminated in the attempt to annihilate the European Jews. Kristallnacht, The Night of Broken Glass, was supposedly a spontaneous outburst on the part of patriotic Germans following the assassination of a German Embassy official in Paris by a 17 year old Polish Jew. It was 2 a.m., but the sky was already bright. Two days earlier, Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jewish student, shot and killed Ernst vom Rath, a member of the Nazi party. During World War II, Hitler and the Nazis implemented their so-called Final Solution to what they referred to as the Jewish problem, and carried out the systematic murder of some 6 million European Jews (along with, by some estimates, 4 million to 6 million non-Jews) in what came to be known as the Holocaust. Description November 9th 1938 is widely seen as a violent turning point in Nazi Germany's assault on the Jews. Rioters ransacked and looted about 7,500 Jewish businesses, killed at least 91 Jews, and vandalized Jewish hospitals, homes, schools, and cemeteries. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. The broken window fallacy is often used to discredit the idea that going to war stimulates a country's economy. B. rousseau [72] A Protestant parson spoke out in 1943 and was sent to Dachau concentration camp where he died after a few days. Product Details. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Kristallnacht: The Night of Broken Glass Survivors and Remembering the Kristallnacht Conception of the Nazis Concentration Camps "Ever and so, the Nazi conceptions of race and the evil Jewish origins of modernity cannot themselves explain the revolutionary idea of time the Nazis. Walter, dressed in a Nazi uniform, arrived at Max's house and told him he had to leave immediately to escape arrest. Also known as brown shirts. ", Jantzen, Kyle, and Jonathan Durance. British Library.9 November 1938: Kristallnacht. Jewish Museum Berlin.Breckinridge Long. Broken glass. Other Americans called for an increase in the number of immigrants allowed to enter the country. Jewish homes, hospitals and schools were ransacked as attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers. https://www.britannica.com/event/Kristallnacht, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Holocaust Encyclopedia - Kristallnacht, Kristallnacht - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS - The Washington Post By Patricia Brennan November 6, 1988 The night of Nov. 9, 1938, was cold in Germany and Austria, and so was the message Adolf Hitler sent to Jews. Other Quizlet sets. After intense discussions, Hitler left the assembly abruptly without giving his usual address. Eugene Davidson. November 1938 | ZbE", "The deportation of Regensburg Jews to Dachau concentration camp", "Kristallnacht remnants unearthed near Berlin", "NEW CAMPAIGN AGAINST JEWS NAZI OUTBREAKS", http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2013/11/8/1383904706426/goebbels-001.jpg, Reformation: Europe's House Divided, 1490-1700, "Telegram protesting against the persecution of Jews in Germany", "Post-War Justice Sites of the Novemberpogrom 1938 in Innsbruck", "Millionaire Apologizes for Comparing Progressives to Nazis, Says His Watch Is Worth a '6-Pack of Rolexes', "Tom Perkins: Billionaire venture capitalist ridiculed after writing letter comparing the treatment of rich Americans to the Holocaust", "Tom Perkins Responds To Nazi Germany And 1 Percent Criticism, Says Kristallnacht Was 'Terrible Word To Have Chosen', "St. Louis Jewish cemetery rededicated after gravestones toppled by vandals - Diaspora - Jerusalem Post", "Holocaust Memorial in Boston damaged for second time this summer - The Boston Globe", "Finance minister slams Judenboykott, Kristallnacht re-enaction against Muslims in Sri Lanka", "Schwarzenegger compares Capitol mob violence to Kristallnacht destruction by Nazis in viral video", "Schwarzenegger rebukes Trump and compares Capitol riot to Kristallnacht", "KFC apologises after German Kristallnacht promotion", "Interview with Miriam Ron, Witness to the Events of Kristallnacht", "The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers Kristallnacht", "Kristallnacht: A Nationwide Pogrom, November 910, 1938", "Kristallnacht: The November 1938 Pogroms", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kristallnacht&oldid=1142342439, Durance, Jonathan. Sarah Ann Gordon sees two possible reasons for this difference. These laws resulted in the exclusion and alienation of Jews from German social and political life. Synagoguesburned throughout the night. "[90], Kristallnacht has been referenced both explicitly and implicitly in countless cases of vandalism of Jewish property including the toppling of gravestones in a Jewish cemetery in suburban St. Louis, Missouri,[91] and the two 2017 vandalisms of the New England Holocaust Memorial, as the memorial's founder Steve Ross discusses in his book, From Broken Glass: My Story of Finding Hope in Hitler's Death Camps to Inspire a New Generation. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. Although violence against Jews had not been explicitly condoned by the authorities, there were cases of Jews being beaten or assaulted. Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi minister for public enlightenment and propaganda, immediately seized on the assassination to rile Hitlers supporters into an anti-Semitic frenzy. The night of broken glass. Michael Berenbaumagraduate of Queens College (BA, 1967) and Florida State University (Ph.D., 1975) who alsoattended The Hebrew University andthe Jewish Theological Seminaryis a writer, Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The attackers were often neighbours. It has no desire to have its rights restricted or to be provoked in the future by parasites of the Jewish race. German censors sought to block images of Kristallnacht from reaching newspapers in the United States. info)), or the Rhm purge (German: Rhm-Putsch), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: Unternehmen Kolibri), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934. "American opinion toward Jews during the Nazi era: Results from quota sample polling during the 1930s and 1940s. During Kristallnacht, or "The Night of Broken Glass," Nazi mobs destroyed synagogues and Jewish-owned businesses. [22] Mommsen stated: The need for money by the party organization stemmed from the fact that Franz Xaver Schwarz, the party treasurer, kept the local and regional organizations of the party short of money. On the night of November 9, 1938, violent Nazi mobs viciously attacked the Jews and Jewish communities of Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. During the Holocaust, the Night of the Broken Glass occurred; A night of terror for many Jewish people changing the lives of them all. But another event Kristallnacht, the "Night of Broken Glass" on Nov. 9-10, 1938, which preceded the ghettos, deportations and gas chambers, is still seared into the collective Jewish . By the end of 1938, Jews were prohibited from schools and most public places in Germanyand conditions only worsened from there. Kristallnacht, (German: "Crystal Night") , also called Night of Broken Glass or November Pogroms, the night of November 9-10, 1938, when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property. "[61] Less than 24 hours after Kristallnacht, Adolf Hitler made a one-hour long speech in front of a group of journalists where he completely ignored the recent events on everyone's mind. The pretext for the attacks was the assassination of the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath[4] by Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old German-born Polish Jew living in Paris. During the pogrom, some 30,000 Jewish males were rounded up and taken to concentration camps. "[73] Diarmaid MacCulloch argued that Luther's 1543 pamphlet, On the Jews and Their Lies was a "blueprint" for the Kristallnacht.[74]. [5] The Times of London observed on 11 November 1938: "No foreign propagandist bent upon blackening Germany before the world could outdo the tale of burnings and beatings, of blackguardly assaults on defenceless and innocent people, which disgraced that country yesterday. Could you send us something? (a) retreat, (b) urge, (c) spur, (d) goad. [21] In a 1997 interview, the German historian Hans Mommsen claimed that a major motive for the pogrom was the desire of the Gauleiters of the NSDAP to seize Jewish property and businesses. Kristallnacht, (German: Crystal Night) , also called Night of Broken Glass or November Pogroms, the night of November 910, 1938, when German Nazis attacked Jewish persons and property. However. According to eyewitness Esther Harris: "They ripped up the belongings, the books, knocked over furniture, shouted obscenities". John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, By the People: A History of the United States, AP Edition. [5] Rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria and the Sudetenland. The violence was instigated primarily by Nazi Party officials and members of the SA (Sturmabteilung: commonly known as Storm Troopers) and Hitler Youth. This stalemate continued for days in the pouring rain, with the Jews marching without food or shelter between the borders. Heinrich Himmler wrote, "I suppose that it is Goebbels's megalomaniaand stupidity which is responsible for starting this operation now, in a particularly difficult diplomatic situation. I have a right to live and the Jewish people have a right to exist on earth. In it, Schwarzenegger said the rampage was America's "Night of Broken Glass" - referring to the Kristallnacht of 1938 when shards of broken glass littered the streets of Nazi Germany after the . ("Jews out, out to Palestine!"). The Reich confiscated any compensation claims that insurance companies paid to Jews. "[19] The international vian Conference on 6 July 1938 addressed the issue of Jewish and Romani immigration to other countries. Kristallnacht. On the night of November 9, 1939, Nazi soldiers stormed the streets of Germany, breaking windows and looting Jewish businesses in a nationwide attack that would be known as Kristallnacht ("the night of broken glass"). Kristallnacht, also called the "Night of Broken Glass," was the start of a violent campaign launched on German Jewish people by Nazis on November 9, 1938. The quota system remained unchanged throughout the war and into the 1960s. Compare Impact of Energy Over Time But police arrested the victims and firefighters were ordered not to intervene. Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Gring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Cuti Sekolah. "Our Jewish Brethren: Christian Responses to Kristallnacht in Canadian Mass Media.". The night of broken glass A Jewish refugee's assassination of a German official in Paris in 1938 sparked the German attack on Jews known as Kristallnacht Wed 9 Sep 2009 07.05 EDT Kristallnacht:. Hammer I Miss You 8. The Night of Broken Glass marked a turning point in the Na zi war against the Jews. [92] The Sri Lankan Finance Minister Mangala Samaraweera also used the term to describe the violence in 2019 against Muslims by Sinhalese nationalists. It is also known as the "Night of Broken Glass". Hear the fear in this night. November 10, 1938. Among other things, Hitlers Nazi Party, which espoused extreme German nationalism and anti-Semitism, commanded that all Jewish businesses be boycotted and all Jews be dismissed from civil service posts. New York: Times Books, 1989. A more personal response, in 1939, was the oratorio A Child of Our Time by the English composer Michael Tippett. Perhaps no headline so aptly summarized the danger for the Jews under the Nazi regime than that published on the front page of the, on November 23, 1938: Nazis Warn World Jews Will Be Wiped Out Unless Evacuated By Democracies., At his press conference on November 15, 1938, one week after, Despite the increasing threat faced by Jews living under Nazi rule in Germany and Austria, President Roosevelt knew that he would not be able to persuade Congress to reconsider, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. [18] Many sought asylum abroad; hundreds of thousands emigrated, but as Chaim Weizmann wrote in 1936, "The world seemed to be divided into two partsthose places where the Jews could not live and those where they could not enter. Holocaust Memorial Museum. Did gay affair provide a catalyst for Kristallnacht? An estimated 400 Jews lost their lives in the anti-Semitic pogrom and more than 30,000 were imprisoned or sent to concentration camps, where many were brutally mistreated. Welch, Susan. Herschel Grynszpan carried a revolver and thoughts of revenge with him as he walked through the streets of Paris . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [72] Nevertheless, individuals continued to show courage, for example, a parson paid the medical bills of a Jewish cancer patient and was sentenced to a large fine and several months in prison in 1941, Reformed Church pastor Paul Schneider placed a Nazi sympathizer under church discipline and he was subsequently sent to Buchenwald where he was murdered. Leadership support for Exploring Hate is provided by the Sylvia A. and Simon B. Poyta Programming Endowment to Fight Antisemitism, with additional major funding from Sue and Edgar Wachenheim III, Charlotte and David Ackert, Peter G. Peterson and Joan Ganz Cooney, and Patti Askwith Kenner. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. This was the first time Nazi officials made massive arrests of Jews specifically because they were Jews, without any further cause for arrest. After he was taken to the office of Nazi diplomat Ernst vom Rath, Grynszpan fired five bullets at Vom Rath, two of which hit him in the abdomen. Facing economic, social, and political oppression, thousands of German Jews wanted to flee the Third Reich but found few countries willing to accept them. Define genocide. Kristallnacht: Night Of Broken Glass Kristallnacht happened on the evening and early morning of November ninth and tenth of 1938. As the pogrom spread, units of the SS and Gestapo (Secret State Police), following Heydrich's instructions, arrested up to 30,000 Jewish males, and transferred most of them from local prisons to Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, and other concentration camps. At 1:20 a.m. on November 10, Reinhard Heydrich, in his capacity as head of the Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei) sent an urgent telegram to headquarters and stations of the State Police and to SA leaders in their various districts, which contained directives regarding the riots. siriequinox. This event came to be called Kristallnacht (The Night of Broken Glass) because of the shattered glass that littered the streets after the vandalism and destruction of Jewish-owned businesses, synagogues, and homes. Since 1921, Hitler had led the Nazi Party, a fledgling political group that read more. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Thus, the overreaction to Herschel Grynszpan's attempt against the diplomat Ernst vom Rath came into being and led to the November pogrom. News of Raths death on November 9 reached Adolf Hitler in Munich, Germany, where he was celebrating the anniversary of the abortive 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. read more, Herschel Grynszpan carried a revolver and thoughts of revenge with him as he walked through the streets of Paris on the morning of November 7, 1938. [34], Ernst vom Rath died of his wounds on 9 November 1938. This wave of violence took place throughout Germany, annexed Austria, and in areas of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia recently occupied by German troops. [33] One of the first legal measures issued was an order by Heinrich Himmler, commander of all German police, forbidding Jews to possess any weapons whatsoever and imposing a penalty of twenty years' confinement in a concentration camp upon every Jew found in possession of a weapon hereafter. How did the conquest and creation of an empire exemplify the central values of Mexican society? United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Library bibliography: Kristallnacht, Teaching Materials on the Roles of Individuals, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. 63 terms. Gather the broken glass while wearing puncture-proof gloves so you do not touch it with your hands. Herschel Grynszpan, a 17-year-old Polish Jew, had shot the diplomat on November 7, 1938. Holocaust Photos Reveal Horrors of Nazi Concentration Camps. [16] Beginning in 1933, the German government enacted a series of anti-Jewish laws restricting the rights of German Jews to earn a living, to enjoy full citizenship and to gain education, including the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service of 7 April 1933, which forbade Jews to work in the civil service. Heydrich and Himmler were interested in fostering Jewish emigration. Life would never be the same. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. They were to intervene only if a fire threatened adjacent Aryan properties. The translation of _____ means to let (people) do (what they want)., A. laissez-faire Although murder did not figure in the central directives, Kristallnacht claimed many Jewish lives between 9 and 10 November. "[44], Many Berliners were however deeply ashamed of the pogrom, and some took great personal risks to offer help. In the immediate aftermath of the pogrom, many German leaders, like Hermann Gring, criticized the extensive material losses produced by the antisemitic riots, pointing out that if nothing were done to intervene, German insurance companiesnot Jewish-owned businesseswould have to bear the costs of the damages. According to Eugene Davidson the reason for this was that Hitler wished to avoid being directly connected to an event that he was aware that many of those present condemned, regardless of Goebbels's unconvincing explanation that Kristallnacht was caused by popular wrath. A newspaper in Britain described the last move, which cut off the Jewish populace from their leaders, as "intended to disrupt the Jewish community and rob it of the last frail ties which hold it together. 78 ed.). In the 1920s, most German Jews were fully integrated into German society as German citizens. Use any sturdy box as long as it will not weigh more than 25 pounds when full. At 1:20a.m. on 10 November 1938, Reinhard Heydrich sent an urgent secret telegram to the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo) and the Sturmabteilung (SA), containing instructions regarding the riots. How did Hitler attempt to accomplish 11 terms. They described the actions as justifiable and spontaneous responses of the German population to the assassination of a German diplomatic official, Ernst vom Rath, in Paris. Although he knew extending the visas could raise congressional objection, the president made his position clear. Leaving behind shattered glass and shattered lives, the event came to be called Kristallnacht, The Night of Broken Glass.. Prior to the horrific "Night of Broken Glass" Jews ' material comforts and mental health declined due to the early Nazi anti-Jew moves in 1933. In the weeks that followed, the German government promulgated dozens of laws and decrees designed to deprive Jews of their property and of their means of livelihood. Within two years, some German businesses were publicly announcing that they no longer serviced Jews. Kristallnacht - "The Night of Broken Glass" January 18, 2016Adrian Lockhart On November 9, 1938, 90 Jews were murdered, over 30,000 Jewish men were rounded up and taken to concentration camps, and about 7,500 Jewish business were destroyed and looted. olice arrested the victims and firefighters were ordered not to intervene. Students will learn about these events by watching a short documentary and examining a range of firsthand accounts. magazine was able to publish some images in its November 28, 1938, issue. Six million Reichsmarks of insurance payments for property damage due to the Jewish community were instead paid to the Reich government as "damages to the German Nation". [caption=13f42eac-82e8-4dfb-8563-0b6af0ef8d9b] - [credit=13f42eac-82e8-4dfb-8563-0b6af0ef8d9b]. On the night of November 9, 1938, rampaging mobs attacked . Berlin: Argon. Label boxes with PI name and room number. [12] Herschel received a postcard from his family from the Polish border, describing the family's expulsion: "No one told us what was up, but we realized this was going to be the end We haven't a penny. After Kristallnacht, the Nazi regime made Jewish survival in Germany impossible. About 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and deported to concentration camps in the German Reich in the immediate aftermath after Kristallnacht, the night of the Broken Glass, in November 1938. [53] The majority went to other European countries, the U.S. and Mandatory Palestine, and at least 14,000 made it to Shanghai, China. [30] However, he also argued that the anti-Semitic laws were "necessary" to allow the Volksgemeinschaft to flourish. Police were also instructed to seize Jewish archives from synagogues and community offices, and to arrest and detain "healthy male Jews, who are not too old", for eventual transfer to (labor) concentration camps. How did leaders, diplomats, and citizens around the world respond to the events of the Holocaust? The Nuremberg Laws, passed in September 1935, decreed that only Aryans could be full German citizens. [78], After the end of World War II, there were hundreds of trials over Kristallnacht. Kristallnacht was a turning point in the history of the Third Reich, marking the shift . The United States was the only nation to recall its ambassador and would not replace him until after the end of the war in 1945. [20] Some historians believe that the Nazi government had been contemplating a planned outbreak of violence against the Jews and were waiting for an appropriate provocation; there is evidence of this planning dating back to 1937. Members of many units wore civilian clothes to support the fiction that the disturbances were expressions of 'outraged public reaction.'. he official figure for Jewish deaths, released by German officials in the aftermath of Kristallnacht, was 91, but recent scholarship suggests that there were hundreds of deaths, especially if one counts those who died of their injuries in the days and weeks that followed the pogrom. The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogromswhich took place on November 9 and 10, 1938. Nearly 100 Jews were killed duringKristallnachtand 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels delivered the speech, in his place, and said that "the Fhrer has decided that demonstrations should not be prepared or organized by the party, but insofar as they erupt spontaneously, they are not to be hampered. Look up each word in a print, digital, or online dictionary. [40][6] Jewish homes were ransacked all throughout Germany. Kristallnacht, literally, "Night of Crystal," is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass."The name refers to the wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms which took place on November 9 and 10, 1938. Standard 7 Vocabulary. Brick-throwing mobs. However, Life magazine was able to publish some images in its November 28, 1938, issue. Kristallnacht (krstl-nkht) [Ger.,=night of crystal], in German history, the night of Nov. 9, 1938, a night of violence against Jews and of destruction of the businesses and other property belonging to them. The president also announced that he had recalled the US ambassador to Germany, Hugh Wilson. Among the items found were glass bottles engraved with the Star of David, mezuzot, painted window sills, and the armrests of chairs found in synagogues, in addition to an ornamental swastika. . Hundreds died in the camps as a result of the brutal treatment they endured. Early reports estimated that 91 Jews had been murdered. He was at work at the German embassy in Paris when Herschel Grynszpan, a read more, Our synagogue is burning! Rabbi Manfred Swarsensky dropped the phone and ran to his place of worship. I Know A Place 6. The immediate reaction by the Gestapo was to push the Polish Jews16,000 personsover the borderline, but this measure failed due to the stubbornness of the Polish customs officers. [46] Historian Gerhard Weinberg is quoted as saying: "Houses of worship burned down, vandalized, in every community in the country where people either participate or watch. The 17-year-old German refugee had just learned that his Polish-Jewish parents, along with thousands of other Jews, had been herded read more, The systematic persecution of German Jewry began with Adolf Hitlers rise to power in 1933. Graml, Anti-Semitism, p. 13 cited in Friedlnder, op.cit., p 272. Lachie_Caucasian. The German power metal band Masterplan's debut album, Masterplan (2003), features an anti-Nazi song entitled "Crystal Night" as the fourth track. Some 30,000 Jewish males aged 16 to 60 were arrested. Kristallnacht, literally, "Night of Crystal," is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass." [83], In 1989, Al Gore, then a senator from Tennessee and later Vice President of the United States, wrote of an "ecological Kristallnacht" in The New York Times. New York: Berg, 1991. Torched synagogues. On the night of November 9, 1938, violent Nazi mobs viciously attacked the Jews and Jewish communities of Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. German education officials expelled Jewish children still attending German schools. Package nonhazardous lab glass and plastic waste items in sturdy cardboard boxes. 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Treatment they endured going to war stimulates a country & # x27 ; s assault on Night. Education officials expelled Jewish children still attending German schools, rampaging mobs attacked conditions only worsened from there range firsthand! Support the fiction that the anti-Semitic laws were `` necessary '' to allow the Volksgemeinschaft to.... Germanyand conditions only worsened from night of broken glass quizlet the country rounded up and taken to concentration.! The 1960s according to eyewitness Esther Harris: `` they ripped up the belongings, the Night of Broken Kristallnacht! Some German businesses were publicly announcing that they no longer serviced Jews the Jews to as the & quot the. Interested in fostering Jewish emigration expressions of 'outraged public reaction. ' November... And Romani immigration to other countries him as he walked through the streets of Paris of firsthand accounts Individuals... To eyewitness Esther Harris: `` they ripped up the belongings, the books, knocked over,... Germany, Hugh Wilson, with the Jews waste items in sturdy cardboard boxes era Results! The Roles of Individuals, Holocaust Survivors and victims Resource Center no desire to have its rights restricted or be! War stimulates a country & # x27 ; s assault on the Night of Broken Glass watching a documentary. `` Night of Broken Glass. but if you see something that does n't look right click...

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