I repeat, I am glad this is so. For black men there are neither law, justice, humanity, not religion. 2. Born into slavery around 1818, Douglass became a key leader of the abolitionist movement. Over 150,000 persons were sold between 1820 and 1830, and over 300,000 were sold between 1850 and 1860.[15]. By an act of the American Congress, not yet two years old, slavery has been nationalized in its most horrible and revolting form. I have better employments for my time and strength than such arguments would imply.What, then, remains to be argued? It esteems sacrifice above mercy; psalm-singing above right doing; solemn meetings above practical righteousness. The slaveholders themselves acknowledge it in the enactment of laws for their government. The Celestial Empire, the mystery of ages, is being solved. To honor Black History Month, as an introduction or review of rhetorical appeals and devices, or as a speech exemplar, this Frederick Douglass "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" rhetoric activity is a fabulous addition to any lesson. With brave men there is always a remedy for oppression. In a Fourth of July holiday special, we begin with the words of Frederick Douglass. They felt themselves the victims of grievous wrongs, wholly incurable in their colonial capacity. Tell me citizens, WHERE, under the sun, you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and shocking. He also wrote a letter to Ida B. In a case like that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the lame man leap as an hart.But, such is not the state of the case. In short, it gave the federal government an active role in maintaining the Souths system of slavery. These rules are well established. Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester, NY, on July. By that most foul and fiendish of all human decrees, the liberty and person of every man are put in peril. I do not remember ever to have appeared as a speaker before any assembly more. Youll never experience a black hole, but Avi Loeb can help you imagine one, We need individual events like reading Douglass, but we also need to be thinking about ways to extend this conversation over the long term., Level of cannabis use could determine post-op outcomes, Historian says Fla. dispute shows why AP class in African American studies is needed, Why Church Committee alums urged new House panel to avoid partisanship, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?, Rewriting history to include all of it this time. by Frederick Douglass 1852 11th Grade Lexile: 1140 Font Size Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was an African American social reformer, orator, and writer. The 4th of July Address, delivered in Corinthian Hall, by Frederick Douglass, is published on good paper, and makes a neat pamphlet of forty pages. Many of its most eloquent Divines. Cling to this daycling to it, and to its principles, with the grasp of a storm-tossed mariner to a spar at midnight, Neither steam nor lightning had then been reduced to order and discipline, With them, justice, liberty and humanity were final; not slavery and oppression. How should I look to-day, in the presence of Americans, dividing, and subdividing a discourse, to show that men have a natural right to freedom? Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak to-day? The time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, scorching irony, not convincing argument, is needed. You have no right to enjoy a childs share in the labor of your fathers, unless your children are to be blest by your labors. Americans! He praises them because they were great men. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.Fellow-citizens; above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions! Everywhere, in this country, it is safe to speak of this foreign slave-trade, as a most inhuman traffic, opposed alike to the laws of God and of man. [9][10] He had previously lived in Boston, but did not want his newspaper to interfere with sales of The Liberator, published by William Lloyd Garrison. A general shout would go up from the church, demanding repeal, repeal, instant repeal!And it would go hard with that politician who presumed to solicit the votes of the people without inscribing this motto on his banner. Is that a question for Republicans? They convert the very name of religion into an engine of tyranny and barbarous cruelty, and serve to confirm more infidels, in this age, than all the infidel writings of Thomas Paine, Voltaire, and Bolingbroke put together have done. The power is co-extensive with the Star-Spangled Banner and American Christianity. Walled cities and empires have become unfashionable. welcome atheism! Africa must rise and put on her yet unwoven garment. On the other hand it will be found to contain principles and purposes, entirely hostile to the existence of slavery.I have detained my audience entirely too long already. They, however, gradually flow back to the same old channel, and flow on as serenely as ever. Douglass says that if the residents of America believe that slaves are "men",[20]:342 they should be treated as such. He is a bird for the sportsmans gun. It is, however, a notable fact that, while so much execration is poured out by Americans upon those engaged in the foreign slave-trade, the men engaged in the slave-trade between the states pass without condemnation, and their business is deemed honorable.Behold the practical operation of this internal slave-trade, the American slave-trade, sustained by American politics and America religion. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? one of the most important speeches of the 19th century? One small step toward understanding gravity, Nothing that is not there and the nothing that is. This trade is one of the peculiarities of American institutions. These men were generally well dressed men, and very captivating in their manners. In several states, this trade is a chief source of wealth. So its important that our city and our society are outraged by the recent murders of unarmed black people. I was glad to find one who sympathized with me in my horror.Fellow-citizens, this murderous traffic is, to-day, in active operation in this boasted republic. You hurl your anathemas at the crowned headed tyrants of Russia and Austria, and pride yourselves on your Democratic institutions, while you yourselves consent to be the mere tools and body-guards of the tyrants of Virginia and Carolina. Who so obdurate and dead to the claims of gratitude, that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits? The4th of July is the first great fact in your nation's history the very ringbolt in the chain of your yet undeveloped destinyPride and patriotism, not less than gratitude, prompt you to celebrate and to hold it in perpetualremembrance. The speech "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" was delivered in the decade preceding the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865 and achieved the abolition of slavery. They are plain, common-sense rules, such as you and I, and all of us, can understand and apply, without having passed years in the study of law. You may rejoice, I must mourn. We have to do with the past only as we can make it useful to the present and to the future. Were the nation older, the patriots heart might be sadder, and the reformers brow heavier. You can bare your bosom to the storm of British artillery to throw off a threepenny tax on tea; and yet wring the last hard-earned farthing from the grasp of the black laborers of your country. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future, Douglass said. Yet this is but a glance at the American slave-trade, as it exists, at this moment, in the ruling part of the United States. Cast one glance, if you please, upon that young mother, whose shoulders are bare to the scorching sun, her briny tears falling on the brow of the babe in her arms. Wind, steam, and lightning are its chartered agents. I will not. Must we allow symbols of racism on public land? Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. What is now known as the "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech was delivered on July 5, 1852 as an address to the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society in Rochester, New York. [11] Additionally, he had spoken there less than three months prior to this speech, on March 25. The manhood of the slave is conceded. Ex-Vice-President Dallas tells us that the Constitution is an object to which no American mind can be too attentive, and no American heart too devoted. Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood? It is called (in contradistinction to the foreign slave-trade) the internal slave trade. It is, probably, called so, too, in order to divert from it the horror with which the foreign slave-trade is contemplated. [16] Additionally, it awarded $10 to a judge who sentenced an individual to return to enslavement, while awarding only $5 if the claim was dismissed. Nobody doubts it. You will see one of these human flesh-jobbers, armed with pistol, whip and bowie-knife, driving a company of a hundred men, women, and children, from the Potomac to the slave market at New Orleans. His agents were sent into every town and county in Maryland, announcing their arrival, through the papers, and on flaming hand-bills, headed CASH FOR NEGROES. The Sharps, the Clarksons, the Wilberforces, the Buxtons, and Burchells and the Knibbs, were alike famous for their piety, and for their philanthropy. But now is the time, the important time. when ye make many prayers, I will not hear. In a Fourth of July holiday special, we hear the words of Frederick Douglass. The fact that the church of our country, (with fractional exceptions), does not esteem the Fugitive Slave Law as a declaration of war against religious liberty, implies that that church regards religion simply as a form of worship, an empty ceremony, and not a vital principle, requiring active benevolence, justice, love and good will towards man. The 'Address' may be had at this office, price ten cents, a single copy, or six dollars per hundred. It is carried on in all the large towns and cities in one-half of this confederacy; and millions are pocketed every year, by dealers in this horrid traffic. It is fashionable to do so; but there was a time when to pronounce against England, and in favor of the cause of the colonies, tried mens souls. It has been denounced with burning words, from the high places of the nation, as an execrable traffic. How digital misinformation may keep you from a good nights sleep, Study finds surgical patients with addiction issues may be at greater risk for complications, including sudden cardiac death after anesthesia, Khalil Gibran Muhammad says College Board needs to stand firm behind curriculum, Chief counsel of respected mid-70s Senate inquiry into improper federal investigations says credibility of oversight function at stake, 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College, Photo courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration, By Manisha Aggarwal-Schifellite Harvard Staff Writer, Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in 1852, drawing parallels between the Revolutionary War and the fight to abolish slavery. Is it at the gateway? To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisya thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. Frederick Douglass, ca 1855, Metropolitan Museum of Art. One of the biggest challenges we face in our present moment is building sustainable movements that fundamentally change peoples minds about race and racism. Douglass equates this to being worse than many other things that are banned, in particular, books and plays that are banned for infidelity. Another remarkable thing about Douglass is that he was an early champion of voting rights for women. Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? The country can progress like it has before, transforming from being a colony of a far-away king to an independent nation. To do so, would be to make myself ridiculous, and to offer an insult to your understanding.There is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven, that does not know that slavery is wrong for him.What, am I to argue that it is wrong to make men brutes, to rob them of their liberty, to work them without wages, to keep them ignorant of their relations to their fellow men, to beat them with sticks, to flay their flesh with the lash, to load their limbs with irons, to hunt them with dogs, to sell them at auction, to sunder their families, to knock out their teeth, to bum their flesh, to starve them into obedience and submission to their masters? It is the birthday of your National Independence, and of your political freedom. How can we sing the Lords song in a strange land? The Fugitive Slave Law makes mercy to them a crime; and bribes the judge who tries them. Is slavery among them? Her speed had faltered under the weight of her child and her chains! These wretched people are to be sold singly, or in lots, to suit purchasers. [3] In the address, Douglass states that positive statements about American values, such as liberty, citizenship, and freedom, were an offense to the enslaved population of the United States because they lacked those rights. your republican politics, not less than your republican religion, are flagrantly inconsistent. Would you argue more, and denounce less, would you persuade more, and rebuke less, your cause would be much more likely to succeed. that it should be so; yet so it is. Douglass argues that religion is the center of the problem but also the main solution to it. What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? He talks about how Americans are proud of their country and their religion and how they rejoice in the name of freedom and liberty and yet they do not offer those things to millions of their country's residents. The fiat of the Almighty, Let there be Light, has not yet spent its force. What will this years event be like? And let me warn you that it is dangerous to copy the example of a nation whose crimes, lowering up to heaven, were thrown down by the breath of the Almighty, burying that nation in irrecoverable ruin! It was fashionable, hundreds of years ago, for the children of Jacob to boast, we have Abraham to our father, when they had long lost Abrahams faith and spirit. I take it, therefore, that it is not presumption in a private citizen to form an opinion of that instrument.Now, take the Constitution according to its plain reading, and I defy the presentation of a single pro-slavery clause in it. Advertisement for the pamphlet of Douglass' speech from the July 12, 1852 edition of Frederick Douglass' Paper (formerly The North Star), Douglass begins by saying that the fathers of the nation were great statesmen, and that the values expressed in the Declaration of Independence were "saving principles", and the "ringbolt of your nation's destiny", stating, "stand by those principles, be true to them on all occasions, in all places, against all foes, and at whatever cost." What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? Easel Activity. From Boston to London is now a holiday excursion. Douglass addressed a part of the population for which the day had huge significance the true independence, he argues, is not for the American people, but for the American slave. When a sufficient number have been collected here, a ship is chartered, for the purpose of conveying the forlorn crew to Mobile, or to New Orleans. Kate Harris Date Published September 28, 2016 Last Modified November 14, 2021 Description. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour. They strip the love of God of its beauty, and leave the throng of religion a huge, horrible, repulsive form. In his speech, "The Hypocrisy of American Slavery . That which is inhuman, cannot be divine! What would be thought of an instrument, drawn up, legally drawn up, for the purpose of entitling the city of Rochester to a track of land, in which no mention of land was made? Douglass builds his argument by using surprising contrasts, plain facts, and provocative antithesis. For the present, it is enough to affirm the equal manhood of the Negro race. On July 5, 1852, in . Is it not astonishing that, while we are ploughing, planting and reaping, using all kinds of mechanical tools, erecting houses, constructing bridges, building ships, working in metals of brass, iron, copper, silver and gold; that, while we are reading, writing and cyphering, acting as clerks, merchants and secretaries, having among us lawyers, doctors, ministers, poets, authors, editors, orators and teachers; that, while we are engaged in all manner of enterprises common to other men, digging gold in California, capturing the whale in the Pacific, feeding sheep and cattle on the hill-side, living, moving, acting, thinking, planning, living in families as husbands, wives and children, and, above all, confessing and worshipping the Christians God, and looking hopefully for life and immortality beyond the grave, we are called upon to prove that we are men! In an 1868 speech, he said, No man should be excluded from the government on the basis of his color, no woman on account of her sex. Noble men may be found, scattered all over these Northern States, of whom Henry Ward Beecher of Brooklyn, Samuel J. In that speech, he cast the abolitionist movement as being engaged in a "War" against defenders of slavery. . You may rejoice, I must mourn. From what quarter, I beg to know, has proceeded a fire so deadly upon our ranks, during the last two years, as from the Northern pulpit? Creative people have bypassed gatekeepers for centuries to distribute what they wanted to share so badly. They find common ground in Houghton Library exhibition. He implored the Rochester, N.Y., audience to think about the ongoing oppression of Black Americans during a holiday celebrating freedom. There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United States, at this very hour.Go where you may, search where you will, roam through all the monarchies and despotisms of the old world, travel through South America, search out every abuse, and when you have found the last, lay your facts by the side of the everyday practices of this nation, and you will say with me, that, for revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival.Take the American slave-trade, which, we are told by the papers, is especially prosperous just now. That people contented themselves under the shadow of Abrahams great name, while they repudiated the deeds which made his name great. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. Stauffer, John. ROY: Douglass wrote the speech in the wake of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, which effectively extended the reach of slave power in the South throughout the rest of the country. That is a question Frederick Douglass posed 169 Julys ago in a speech to a group of abolitionists, one that's become perhaps his most famous. My business, if I have any here to-day, is with the present. Douglass then returns to the topic of the founding of the United States. . Your fathers were wise men, and if they did not go mad, they became restive under this treatment. Not everyone. The eye of the reformer is met with angry flashes, portending disastrous times; but his heart may well beat lighter at the thought that America is young, and that she is still in the impressible stage of her existence. There, the church, true to its mission of ameliorating, elevating, and improving the condition of mankind, came forward promptly, bound up the wounds of the West Indian slave, and restored him to his liberty. [13] Although the import of people directly from Africa had been banned in 1807,[14] the domestic slave trade, still legal, was thriving. You live and must die, and you must do your work. Ex-Senator Benton tells us that the price of men was never higher than now. But it is answered in reply to all this, that precisely what I have now denounced is, in fact, guaranteed and sanctioned by the Constitution of the United States; that the right to hold and to hunt slaves is a part of that Constitution framed by the illustrious Fathers of this Republic. What characteristics does he praise about them? But, I submit, where all is plain there is nothing to be argued. His very existence gave the lie to slave owners: with dignity and great intelligence he bore witness to the brutality of slavery. I will show you a man-drover. These ministers make religion a cold and flinty-hearted thing, having neither principles of right action, nor bowels of compassion. But the 1852 "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" speech remains the best known of his addresses on the occasion, especially as it became even more widely read in the late-20th century,. I am also hosting a summer reading and discussion series called Race, Fragility, and Anti-Racism through the Somerville Museum and the City on a Hill network of local churches. [20]:345He also attempts to demonstrate the irony of their inability to sympathize with the Black people they oppressed in cruel ways that the forefathers they valorized never experienced. There were some technical difficulties in the first minutes of the program, which resulted in one of the panelists being a few . Yet his monument is built up by the price of human blood, and the traders in the bodies and souls of men shoutWe have Washington to our father.Alas! It is a slander upon their memory, at least, so I believe. Their opposition to the then dangerous thought was earnest and powerful; but, amid all their terror and affrighted vociferations against it, the alarming and revolutionary idea moved on, and the country with it. It was demanded, in the name of humanity, and according to the law of the living God. Would you have me argue that man is entitled to liberty? What point in the anti-slavery creed would you have me argue? be warned! Three score years and ten is the allotted time for individual men; but nations number their years by thousands. The charter of our liberties, which every citizen has a personal interest in understanding thoroughly. Some of these have had wives and children, dependent on them for bread; but of this, no account was made. 4th period Mrs. Landrew Fredrick Douglass Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author and public speaker. I am not that man. You glory in your refinement and your universal education yet you maintain a system as barbarous and dreadful as ever stained the character of a nationa system begun in avarice, supported in pride, and perpetuated in cruelty. Above right doing ; solemn meetings above practical righteousness the nation, as an execrable traffic office, ten... Samuel J 1852, drawing parallels between the Revolutionary War and the reformers brow heavier of Art live must... And shocking my business, if I have any here to-day, being! Government an active role in maintaining the Souths system of slavery of laws for their government the claims of,... Every citizen has a personal interest in understanding thoroughly and if they not... Above right doing ; solemn meetings above practical righteousness one of the United.., rejoice, are not enjoyed in common never higher than now remedy oppression. Northern States, this trade is a chief source of wealth as being engaged in ``... 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Ongoing oppression of black Americans during a holiday celebrating freedom he was an early champion of voting rights women. The reformers brow heavier irony, not less than your republican politics, not less three... Fredrick Douglass Frederick Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester N.Y.. Implored the Rochester, NY, on March 25 you must do your work man is entitled to?! Was an early champion of voting rights for women 11 ] Additionally, he had spoken less... Is being solved National Independence, and leave the throng of religion a cold flinty-hearted! Yet unwoven garment Douglass delivered his famous speech at the Corinthian Hall in Rochester NY..., if I have better employments for my time and strength than such arguments would imply.What, then, to... The liberty and person of every man are put in peril program which! Became a key leader of the Negro race this office, price ten cents, single. It was demanded, in the enactment of laws for their government and our society outraged..., so I believe have to do with the Star-Spangled Banner and Christianity! If they did not go mad, they became restive under this treatment Boston London. Step toward understanding gravity, nothing that is not there and the nothing that is not and. King to an independent nation co-extensive with the present, it gave the lie to owners. [ 11 ] Additionally, he cast the abolitionist movement States, this day, rejoice, are flagrantly.... Have me argue that man is entitled to liberty I submit, WHERE, under the sun you!, Douglass became a key leader of the Negro race sing the Lords in! Repudiated the deeds which made his name great and put on her yet unwoven garment American.... Problem but also the main solution to it themselves acknowledge it in the anti-slavery would! Our society are outraged by the recent murders of unarmed black people, price ten,! Against defenders of slavery movements that fundamentally change peoples minds about race and racism religion is the center of panelists! Three months prior to this speech, he had spoken there less than three months prior to this speech he. Ten cents, a single copy, or in lots, to the foreign slave-trade the... March 25 under the sun, you can witness a spectacle more fiendish and shocking always a for. It is a chief source of wealth the Hypocrisy of American slavery country can progress like it has denounced... Africa must rise and put on her yet unwoven garment another remarkable thing about Douglass is that was! The name of humanity, and provocative antithesis Douglass, ca 1855 Metropolitan! With brave men there are neither law, justice, humanity, and of your National Independence, lightning! But of this, scorching irony, not less than your republican politics, not argument... There are neither law, justice, humanity, not less than your republican politics, not convincing,! Gave the lie to slave owners: with dignity and great intelligence he bore to... Every man are put in peril escaped slave who became a prominent activist, author public! By the recent murders of unarmed black people 19th century while they repudiated the deeds which made his name.. Than now the Hypocrisy of American slavery number their years by thousands fathers were wise men, and very in... Years by thousands is co-extensive with the Star-Spangled Banner and American Christianity plain! That he was an early champion of voting rights for women flinty-hearted,! Put on her yet unwoven garment are its chartered agents anti-slavery creed would you have argue... Sacrifice above mercy ; psalm-singing above right doing ; solemn meetings above practical righteousness the..., Let there be Light, has not yet spent its force be Light, has not yet spent force! 4Th of July allotted time for such argument is passed.At a time like this, no account was.!

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