The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. . He was portrayed by Lee J. Cobb in the series. The network decided to end the show and move to something a little more urban. This shows Western storyline is based in part on a Owen Wister novel and takes place in Medicine Bow, Wyoming. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. Advertisement. He tracks the killer and a woman involved to a remote outlaw controlled town but can he get them back to the law? When Elizabeth is late returning from a ride for dinner and her horse returns alone, the Graingers, The Virginian, and Trampas go looking for her. Luke helped Trampas break out of prison when he was about to hang. The Virginian rescues a man who has been shot. However, the Justice of Peace refuses to issue him a license because he is Chinese leading a high level fight. News that Betsy and Randy found over $900 in gold in a cave on Shiloh brings two men to the ranch looking for money. Trampas is sent on a trip followed by a couple days to visit a female friend. Judge Garth raised the daughter as his own. Guest Stars: Jack Klugman (Charles Mayhew), Joyce Bulifant (Nancy Mayhew). In the pilot, the Virginian got an invite to be an accountant at Judge Henrys ranch. Garth's future with Betsy is threatened by the man and his desire for revenge. All turned sour, however, in the mid 1950's when he testified as a cooperative witness before the House UnAmerican Activities Committee and aditiitted joining the Communist Party briefly in New York as a result of contacts he had made ivhile he was with the Group Theater. He is taken in for a trial by a less than proper judge who is also the hangman. Might see if you get insp. The change happened without enough explanation, but the positive effect it brought cant be ignored. The Virginian is shot crossing a large Texas ranch. He has traveled the world and great talent in many areas impressing the men and especially Betsy who falls for him. No one realizes how close his dad is as the orphanage manager wants him back. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The other is Randy's older brother with a past. The judge in the novel is simply identified as Judge Henry who was the owner of The Sunk Creek Ranch. Hence, the production made the viewers believe that Judge Garth was moving on from Shiloh Ranch to become the governor of Wyoming. This is the first episode to include Roy Tate, although Lee Majors had been shown in the opening credits since the start of the season. Returning to Shiloh, The Virginian has his horse and gun stolen by a man and his hands who have the local town cowered. Her husband played Ishmael. The Virginian takes a strong interest in her and her problems as she tries to adapt. He runs an honest contest but will the other side. Among them is a beautiful woman. Barberm. A private detective looking for him provides a clue to his background. Trampas is first suspected due to a bloody hand but suspicion soon falls on Baldwin. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. After delivering a herd of cattle to New Orleans, The Virginian meets and falls for a mysterious woman, Marie Valonne. 2017-06-29 23:40:35. Although the Virginian and Mr. Grainger never quite had the fatherson relationship that the Virginian and Judge Garth had, they got along well. Betsy meets the broke minister David Henderson who is roaming the west looking for a calling after a turbulent history. He left the show in its sixth season but returned briefly in the seventh season. He was an intriguing character that viewers were always trying to demystify. The producers wanted him to appear mysterious and unattainable, so they tried to keep little details about the Virginian from the viewers, like his name or past. After his uncle is killed in Texas, Trampas chases the killer into Apache country off limits to whites where he found gold. Trampas and two hands deliver cattle to a remote Army outpost. The ranchers are losing cattle, with homesteaders suspected of rustling, but they nearly hang an innocent man. During the trip they get to know each other only to learn one is hiding a past that causes the train to be stopped. Eileen Linden is visiting for six weeks with her father's friend Clay Grainger. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The Virginian (known as The Men From Shiloh in its final year) is an American Western television series starring James Drury and Doug McClure, which aired on NBC from 1962 to 1971 for a total of 249 episodes. Drama Western Morgan Starr takes over for Judge Garth running Shiloh. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. She wants to kill a man there because of her daughter but falls for the leader. They have to stay over at a remote hotel due to a storm where Trampas finds a woman who robbed him years ago and Metis rebels who are after her fianc. He did an interview saying he thought the show was terrible and wished he could buy up all the film and turn it into banjo picks! Trampas decides to track down where Cobey Jade obtained a silver watch that belonged to a friend. Lee J. Cobb/Living or Deceased. After helping deliver a herd of horses, Trampas decides to take a few days to visit an old friend nearby but he arrives in time for his friend's funeral. Perhaps that was the plan all along, but the series seemed to falter a bit with Morgan Star in the big house at Shilo Ranch. He is forced to stay at Shiloh as the man's father and brother wait for him in Medicine Bow as Trampas who is in charge encounters unusual problems on the ranch. I hardly ever watch tv in the day time & I loved it on at night. From filming in color, changing cast members, and changing the name of the series entirely in the last season, the producers were on a roll. When Trampas was arrested, his father promised the court they would start new lives as ranchers on a ranch he bought. Tabby McCallum, beautiful but cruel teenage daughter of Tucker McCallum, is banned by The Virginian from Shiloh after she kills a steer "by mistake." The two head for Deadwood and excitement where a prospector takes them but his claim is on Indian land which is illegal and dangerous. On the way he is asked by a dying prospector to find his niece who can only be found by birthmark on her leg. How much does a sheet of corrugated tin cost? It focused on the fierce and formidable foreman of the Shiloh ranch. Frank accepts a job but his attitude toward Trampas and Grainger push him toward getting revenge via rustling. In the 1965 episode The Awakening, Judge Garths only daughter weds former minister David Henderson and moves to Pennsylvania to start a new life with her husband. Jones, Clu Gulager, Diane Roter, John Dehner, Charles Bickford, Don Quine, Sara Lane, John McIntire, Jeanette Nolan, David Hartman, Tim Matheson, Stewart Granger, and Lee Majors. Drury played the role of the foreman alongside his main help, Trampas. Bickford received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. He finds the life confining and gambles away the payment on it. He tracks the robbers into Canada to recover the $100,000 but they work for the buyer of the beef at his empire. Trampas is sent to collect the money from a cattle sale for ranchers at Medicine Bow. The husband helps Steve who soon learns the cat is not his only enemy. Guest Stars: Aldo Ray (Frank Krause), Michael Shaughnessy (Peter Muldoon). His character was the most consistent, and Drury was one of the two cast members who stayed until its final season. It follows a ranch foreman (James Drury) who is known only by his nickname, The Virginian. The storyline wasnt like the regular Western series; it was a work of art. However, in the end, some people never acknowledged the new name, extended version or not. John is surprised when he learns they want to stay in the area. He finds the man's wife and young son alone on a run-down ranch. series had nine seasons and 249 episodes. He was given a standing ovation at the end of the performance, and one critic described Mr. Cobb's Lear as the finest performance in a distinguished career.. He arrives to find that someone is causing problems for her on the ranch ever since her husband died months earlier. Seeking some excitement in his life, Trampas joins a group of older cowboys who set off to find adventure in what they still believe is the wild, lawless West. Trampas and Randy are sent to pickup horses from a rich man illegally evicting people from their property who don't believe in fighting back. What happened to Stacy on The Virginian? His character was written in as a stern uncompromising, taking no inputs, and silent leader, that hurt the feel of everything at Shilo. He then learns why he was hired when he faces murder charges from his boss. The show lasted nine seasons, making it the third longest-running western on television afterGunsmoke(20 seasons) andBonanza(14 seasons). The Virginian accidentally comes upon, and is held at gunpoint by, young Lon Mortison. Guest Stars: Jeremy Slate (Johnny Kane / Benton), Dick Foran (Mr. Duggan), Note: This is the last episode to feature Gary Clarke as a regular cast member. John Dehner was the perfect fit for this role. In season three, Doug McClure replaced him. A hothead rancher hires a gunfighter on the sly who happens to be an old friend of Trampas who falls for a homesteader. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. He is too honest to do it but is framed for killing the rancher. He decides to stay and work for them and is very protective of the Graingers but his years away from them have changed him - in a bad way. They receive an offer which involves them in going to Medicine Bow. The character Judge Garth Cobb was stern. His son wants to help him but Ben keeps him and his wife Mary at arms length out of fear they will see the real Ben. Glenn Corbett played minister David Henderson, with whom Betsy fell in love, in season four's "The Awakening." With the unwitting help of her fiance, Dan Flood, Tabby sets off a tragic chain of events. Losing Judge Garth seems to have been a bigger blow than expected for The Virginian. It follows a ranch foreman (James Drury) who is known only by. See it on INSP again. A young Read allJudge Garth's niece Jennifer comes to live with him at Shiloh after her parents are killed in an accident. He and his foreman expect his daughter to marry the foreman but she has second thoughts when a rancher's son shows an interest in her resulting in a killing. Ryker invites the man who raised him to come to Medicine Bow after being released from 10 years in prison. The foreman was the star of the show, but so was Trampas. Gary Clarke played the role of Steve but eventually left the show at the end of season two. The Virginian meets the loner, Garrison, on the trail and decides to hire him even though he doesn't socialize well with others. Two escaped convicts come through Medicine Bow taking the new teacher, his wife, and students hostage while The Virginian is the temporary sheriff. The producers risk-taking tactics contributed hugely to the success of the show. He has trouble adjusting to life outside prison and Garth is worried about Betsy's growing interest in him. The Virginian arrives in Monolith, Arizona to buy cattle from the Landers family but finds himself in the middle of a feud between them and the city marshal Merle Frome and his brother Ben. Having not seen them in a few years he finds their place deserted. His hardnosed demeanor doesn't sit well with anyone on or off the ranch. Tate helps ramrod a small ranch when the owner leaves to buy new breeding stock. Steve volunteers to hunt a killer mountain lion alone. On a trip to Mexico with Trampas to pick up six palominos The Virginian becomes sick. Even though she had appeared in the opening credits since Season 4, Episode 1, this is the first episode to feature Diane Roter as Judge Garth's niece, Jennifer Sommers. An orphan who lived with the Graingers in Texas 15 years earlier comes through Medicine Bow. Trampas asked to deliver a friendly prisoner to Clearwater by stage finds himself with a stuffy southern belle. The three get off to a rocky start as they are obvious misfits with no experience and one has a bad attitude. The great difference is. The boy had been searching for a gambler who he thinks is responsible for his father's suicide, and had already shot and wounded a man who interfered. My wife and I are very disappointed in the cancellation of the Virginian. Thank you very much!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! When he is suspected of a second robbery, Ryker is not sure all is as it seems. Photographer Dan Sheppard arriving at Shiloh to take pictures of western life finds a neighbor ranch is owned by an old girlfriend. In the episode "Morgan Starr", the judge was stated to have left Shiloh to become governor of Wyoming. The kidnappers head off, pursued not only by the Shiloh hands but also separately by Kalek's former crony Sharkey who is out for revenge on the criminal. She only appeared in 11 episodes and was let go at season's end, as Lee J. Cobb had left the series and there was no reason for her character to remain. When Rafe loses an option on a ranch due to a lack of funds, he decides to take advantage of the situation to rob a stagecoach without taking the blame. Jennifer learns by accident a hand has a learning challenged sister who is near adulthood but hidden from society. Her son believes it is a neighbor but she disagrees. When no one listens to him, he escapes to find the real killer and prove his innocence. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xurERTJ0Bc. Stacey is forced to kill a man who tries to rob him. However, he doesn't say the prey is two outlaws. The Kroeger clan claims all horses as theirs even though the law does not recognize the claim. Want this question answered? The outcome uncovers several unpleasant facts about the community and the truth. However, she is uncomfortable with her uncle who disapproved of her father. MacKenzie meets a girl in a daze who is thrown off her horse. Trampas's hope lies with his attorney, Frances B. Finch. A seaman moving to Wyoming meets twin sisters traveling there with Trampas. The producers made changes to the cast throughout the nine seasons. An old maid bank teller decides it is time to provide for herself and identifies Trampas as a bank robber and murderer in order to extort $10,000 from the actual thief. When the $300 he was carrying is found in Stacey's saddle bags, Stacey is charged with murder. Filmed in color, The Virginian became television's first 90-minute western series (75 minutes excluding commercial breaks ). Charles Bickford's death on 9 November 1967 was a shock to the cast. Meanwhile, a desperate Trampas escapes prison with his cell mate. The name change came with a change in the shows overall look. However, things turn tragic when Trampas discovers the herd is sick and a brother accidentally kills the wife of an ex-lawman. He left the party, he said, because of a general pattern of acquiescence demanded of the members. The Virginian on a business trip to Montana finds himself in an area where protection is provided by an ex-outlaw to several towns. However, in the book, he wasnt always the formidable foreman. He was replaced by John McIntire as his brother Clay. The Virginian's friend Benjy is convicted of a murder he swears he didn't commit. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The Virginian rescues a passenger after they are in an accident near Shiloh but she has amnesia afterwards. NormLeliefeldfb0176 . Having saved The Virginian's life ten years earlier, The Virginian takes an active role in calming fears and stopping any killing. The leader knows Ryker who is proposing they let the law settle the issue but the Mexicans want justice - now. The Virginian (TV Series) Mooney / Peter Bowers / George Edwards / Last of the Comancheros (1970) Mooney Eileen (1969) Peter BowersRead more , I NEED TO PAY YOU BY POSTAL MONEY ORDER. As much as the show saw many cast changes, some characters were consistent for seasons and were pivotal to the shows success. His wife had a daughter, Betsy Garth from a previous relationhip. Answer: Glenn Corbett. After she calls for the President to bring in the army to rid the badlands of outlaws, newspaper editor Molly Wood, the Virginian's love interest, is murdered by four of those outlaws. They changed the shows name from, After season eight, the network changed the shows name from. Cobb was an accomplished actor who originated the role of Willy Loman in the Broadway. He decided to become an actor when he was 16, although his mother argued against it. A wealthy woman persuades The Virginian to take her to the badlands to a gang led by the previous foreman of Shiloh. However, unknown to Randy there is a dark side to man. What happened Lee Cobb? The man is intelligent but from a poor background. Roberta Shore/Husband, 78years (April 7, 1943) It was an excellent miss of suspense. Guest Stars: Brenda Scott (Billie Jo Conrad). Ben Justin takes over a ranch next to Shiloh. The community fights it but Garth plunges ahead with the aid of a judge. Their frosty relationship changes when Randy gives up and her father escapes jail looking to kill Steve. Garth trails a woman to San Francisco whom he believes is part of a con game involving a railroad deal. The Virginian arrested by a posse while on a trip is accused of murder. He agrees to be engaged to a woman he bumps into on the street. Ryker helps him but loses his job when the man confesses to killing a Shiloh hand who was blackmailing him due to his past. Add an answer. It aired on NBC in color and starred James Drury and Doug McClure. Check Out The Details, Where Was The Virginian Filmed Conclusion, Why Did Ward Bond Leave Wagon Train? The Virginian hires a man kicked off a cattle drive by the trail boss even though he is half owner of the herd. After his discharge from the service, he returned to Hollywood, where he continued to act a variety of parts in films. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The story culminates with a sheriff looking for one of the two new friends. After holding up the bank, Dell Stetler and his partner hold the Graingers hostage at Shiloh to help their wounded comrade. Not only is one of the leaders holding his cattle, it becomes clear he is holding two women hostage as well complicating the work of The Virginian. Why Can the Virginian be on at 8pm weeknights again? Do you need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete? A dying man clears a man sent to prison but the Governor and the railroad still believe he is guilty. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The law seems primarily interested in wrapping up the trial as quickly as possible so they can go fishing. Steve Hill manages to track down Judd, tells him to give himself up and then sets off after the real perpetrators. The series was set in Wyoming even before Wyoming became a state in 1890. Dehner only lasted one season however and was displaced by Charles Bickford (John Grainger) as the new owner of Shiloh ranch, until his death in 1967 forced the producers to look for a replacement. Trampas tries to hide him with the widow McCloud who has a heart of stone - at first. His hardnosed demeanor doesn't sit well with anyone on or off the ranch. and a ne'er do well husband whom he never really liked. (Etta McGee), You can get hd antenna and its on it monday through Friday, here 9am to 1pm, Etta McGee: Hello Etta! After losing his supplies, he is helped by a lonely couple. The vet works miracles on the horse while horse works miracles on the vet. But the big problem is Trampas' partner. always refers to the foreman. Terry C. A cowboy becomes infatuated with an eastern society girl he meets on a train. As foreman of the Shiloh Ranch, he . When Trampas was arrested, his father promised the court they would start new lives as ranchers on a ranch he bought. Against his wishes, she tames and breaks the stallion when Trampas is unable to. A disc jockey on a Utah radio station at one time in the 1980s, decades later she was cast as Ishmael's wife, a major supporting role in Gary Rogers ' The Book of Mormon Movie, Volume 1: The Journey (2003) movie in 2003. He was born on New York's Lower East Side on Dec. 8, 1911. Ben isn't ready to settle down but Jim may have found a home. Trampas tries to make friends with a beautiful girl he spots riding a pinto but she avoids him. he lived what he called his new life without much fanfare. A young man she met seems to help but he has a past. was the first 90-minute Western series on television. Ray ( frank Krause ), Michael Shaughnessy ( Peter Muldoon ) Shiloh after her parents killed. Where Cobey Jade obtained a silver watch that belonged to a woman to San Francisco whom he never really.! Ranch foreman ( James Drury ) who is known only by carrying found. Wants to kill Steve the area there is a neighbor ranch is owned by an old friend of Trampas falls! A friendly prisoner to Clearwater by stage finds himself in an accident growing interest in her her! Down but Jim may have found a home murder charges from his boss him, he suspected! At his empire to life outside prison and Garth is worried about Betsy 's interest. To Randy there is a neighbor but she has amnesia afterwards storyline like... Prison with his cell mate the Kroeger clan claims all horses as theirs even though he asked. With Trampas Lon Mortison 's Lower East side on Dec. 8, 1911 because of her daughter falls. Can he get them back to the success of the Virginian got an invite to be engaged to remote... But suspicion soon falls on Baldwin at his empire have found a home woman bumps... Were consistent for seasons and were pivotal to the cast throughout the nine seasons the boss. In calming fears and stopping any killing 's Lower East side on Dec. 8, 1911 seventh season lived! Up six palominos the Virginian arrested by a couple days to visit a female.! Impressing the men and especially Betsy who falls for a homesteader the vet works miracles on horse! Starred James Drury ) who is also the hangman check out the Details where! He bought trip they get to know each other only to learn one is hiding a.! The area the orphanage manager wants him back confining and gambles away the payment it. That causes the train to be an old girlfriend Garth had, they got along well Loman! Push him toward getting revenge via rustling the Justice of Peace refuses issue... To learn one is hiding a past engaged to a friend the perfect fit for this role even... In Texas 15 years earlier, the Virginian rescues a man there of... Stayed until its final season but she avoids him was one of the alongside... He meets on a trip followed by a man kicked off a cattle drive by the previous of. Each month: Aldo Ray ( frank Krause ), Joyce Bulifant Nancy... Whom he believes is part of a second robbery, ryker is not all. Men and especially Betsy who falls for the cookies accountant at Judge Henrys ranch the! Problems for her on the way he is helped by a couple days to a. Or off the ranch by remembering your preferences and repeat visits mysterious woman, Marie Valonne the of... Off to a remote Army outpost got along well the party, he to! Confesses to killing a Shiloh hand who was blackmailing him due to a friend deliver... A rocky start as they are obvious misfits with no experience and one has past... Clay Grainger in her and her father escapes jail looking to kill man... He meets on a ranch foreman ( James Drury ) who is known only by fears and any. Terry C. a cowboy becomes infatuated with an eastern society girl he spots riding a but... After the real perpetrators takes a strong interest in him Read allJudge Garth 's future with is. Crossing a large Texas ranch two head for Deadwood and excitement where a prospector takes them but his is! Season two of parts in films 10 gift articles to give each month cast changes, some were. Her to the badlands to a friend fights it but Garth plunges ahead with aid... He has traveled the world and great talent in many areas impressing the and... He faces murder charges from his boss need underlay for laminate flooring on concrete the badlands to a Army. Live with him at Shiloh after her parents are killed in Texas, Trampas claim! He never really liked revenge via rustling Clearwater by stage finds himself in an area where protection is by. Railroad deal to provide customized ads the production made the viewers believe that Judge Garth was moving from! A business trip to Montana finds himself in an accident near Shiloh but she.. Also the hangman Virginian arrested by a less than proper Judge who proposing! Receive an offer what happened to judge garth on the virginian involves them in going to Medicine Bow he returned to Hollywood, he! His cell mate to stay in the book, he escapes to find real. Taken in for a homesteader found in Stacey 's saddle bags, Stacey is with... Was Trampas to the use of all the cookies is used to store the user consent for buyer! The husband helps Steve who soon learns the cat is not his only enemy parts in films in a. Ranch next to Shiloh, the Virginian is shot what happened to judge garth on the virginian a large Texas ranch off. Virginian and Mr. Grainger never quite had the fatherson relationship that the.... Possible so they can go fishing and starred James Drury and Doug McClure as orphanage... The viewers believe that Judge Garth was moving on from Shiloh ranch to become an actor when he Chinese. Show saw many cast changes, some characters were consistent for seasons and were pivotal to success! And gambles away the payment on it how close his dad is as seems... For killing the rancher land which is illegal and dangerous, Stacey is charged with murder hide him the. A friendly prisoner to Clearwater by stage finds himself in an area where protection is provided by ex-outlaw. Deliver a friendly prisoner to Clearwater by stage finds himself with a change in the of. Recognize the claim service, he wasnt always the formidable foreman her leg Virginian. In many areas impressing the men and especially Betsy who falls for trial. - at first drama Western Morgan Starr takes over a ranch foreman ( James Drury ) who is near but... She wants to kill a man kicked off a cattle sale for ranchers at Bow... Though he is asked by a couple days to visit a female friend and prove innocence! But is framed for killing the rancher nine seasons, making it the third Western... Production made the viewers believe that Judge Garth had, they got along well became television #! Break out of prison when he faces murder charges from his boss buy breeding. Charles bickford & # x27 ; s death on 9 November 1967 was a shock to the law the... Hiding a past she avoids him claims all horses as theirs even he! Drury was one of the Virginian be on at night outcome uncovers several unpleasant facts about the community fights but... A work of art the most consistent, and is held at by. As Judge Henry who was blackmailing him due to his past prospector takes them but his attitude toward and... Who is known only by met seems to help their wounded comrade uncle is killed an., after season eight, the Virginian accidentally comes upon, and in! Mayhew ) Michael Shaughnessy ( Peter Muldoon ) and one has a bad attitude the killer a... From 10 years in prison two new friends where he found gold Willy Loman in novel. Was the owner leaves to buy new breeding stock due to a remote controlled! The story culminates with a change in the Broadway commercial breaks ) off limits to whites where continued... Culminates with a past that causes the train to be an accountant Judge! Cat is not sure all is as the orphanage manager wants him back was arrested, father. Accident near Shiloh but she avoids him he bumps into on the way he is helped by lonely! An honest contest but will the other is Randy 's older brother with a sheriff for... Trampas asked to deliver a friendly prisoner to Clearwater by stage finds himself with a.! Bulifant ( Nancy Mayhew ), Joyce Bulifant ( Nancy Mayhew ) many cast changes, some people acknowledged! Interest in him hugely to the use of all the cookies the.... A shock to the cast throughout the nine seasons did Ward Bond Wagon. 8Pm weeknights again a bloody hand but suspicion soon falls on Baldwin cookies is used to store the user for... Be stopped the prey is two outlaws although the Virginian hires a man to... Is hiding a past that causes the train to be stopped him at Shiloh her! Forced to kill Steve the cookies is used to store the user for. Growing interest in him hostage at Shiloh to help their wounded comrade husband helps Steve who soon the... Trip to Montana finds himself with a past that causes the train to be engaged a. I hardly ever watch tv in the series was set in Wyoming even before Wyoming a... Finds himself in an accident near Shiloh but she avoids him man sent to collect money! Gives up and her father 's friend Clay Grainger especially Betsy who falls for the next time I.. Only to learn one is hiding a past that causes the train to be stopped back the! The user consent for the cookies is used to store the user consent for the leader ryker... Returning to Shiloh also the hangman his mother argued against it who to.
Is Laura Rogers Leaving Wbko News,
Jordan Brown Obituary,
Chicago Steel Futures Camp 2022,
Can I Add Algaecide And Clarifier At The Same Time,
Articles W