e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, e) all of the above are ways fossils can be preserved, To what does the term evolution refer? c) commercial lodging for typical hardwoods, such as mahogany not as high (water more gentle -lower relief), relationship between the height of the stream and the height of the water table, the stream is the surface expression of the water table, what causes cone of depression to be larger, can cause a well to go dry The volume of water needed to saturate the sample is then divided by the sample volume to determine the effective porosity (Equation 6). This determines how easy it is for water to flow from one pore to the next. d) dissolving some parts of the rock and carrying the material away Follow the instructions listed in the video and answer the following questions: Each arrow in Figure 2 represents a process or flow of the hydrologic cycle. d) hydrolysis a) shallow seas that are relatively free of suspended sediment Groundwater is used for drinking water by more than 50 percent of the people in the United States, including almost everyone who lives in rural areas. What is a main way surface waters become groundwater? c) the surface area increase as the rock is fractured a) bouncing sound waves from a ship off the bottom A rock with good porosity can hold a lot of groundwater. 38. Study with us and youll be joining over 2 million students whove achieved their career and personal goals with The Open University. d) water from precipitation and snowmelt Calculate the following. c) 100 mill d) all of the above d) a line that separates the tree from the grasslands on the shaded relief maps. Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. . c) cementation The international standard letter/number mapping for telephones is: Write a function that returns a number, given an uppercase letter, as follows: Write a test program that prompts the user to enter a phone number as a string. Types of Aquifers 3. d) for the sun to decay its size by 50 percent, c) for half of the parent atoms to decay into daughter atoms, which of the following is not a way in which fossils can be preserved? In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored Which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? with a depth of 150 mm = 0.150 m and a surface area of 1 m 2 ). 3. Groundwater is found in two zones. b) fills defined at body of water at that location D. It absorbs most of the water it contains from rivers. b) water within the pan flows in a circular path e) all of these, Loaning of atoms reflects what type of bonding? What does the porosity of a material depend on? c) a longshore current b) the surface area does not change because the volume does not change a) mid-ocean ridges e) Kentucky, Alabama, Tennessese, what are some ways that geology controls ecology? a) centrifugal force that causes water to bulge along the poles b) Africa and North America collided to form the Appalachian Mountains c) the position of the hydrogen atoms on one side of the molecule d) continental shelves along passive margins, how did the South Atlantic Ocean form? e) all of the above, a) abrasion is concentrated on the upstream side of obstructions, the size of clast that a river can carry is primarily controlled by: a) when weakening of an ocean current results in cooler sea temp in the eastern pacific a) most waves are generated by earthquakes and become larger upon approaching the shore d) continental shelf, which parts of the seafloor have the youngest oceanic crust? a) water pressure e) poorly sorted sand, silt, and clay, In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: Permeable layers of rock that store and transport water are called aquifers. The porosity of rocks may be increased by processes that occur after the rocks have formed. c) were first discovered on the island of Compostia in Italy a.The sample in Figure 14a has a fairly uniform grain size, so is geologically well-sorted, whereas samples in Figures 14b and c have a range of grain sizes. In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: A. controls the amount of water that can be stored B. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts C. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts D. is constant from one type of material to another. a) 1 mill Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? a) the magma has a low content of gas The speed of flow in rocks is extremely slow in comparison with surface flow, even for rocks with high hydraulic conductivities. It is defined as the ratio of the volume of the voids or pore space divided by the total volume. 2. forms cone of depression a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted Sign up for our regular newsletter to get updates about our new free courses, interactives, videos and topical content on OpenLearn. C . Unconsolidated sediments with rounded grains of uniform size (i.e. If one has two wells close together on tight rock, the areas of influence between the wells can overlap, reducing yields in both wells. 1999-2023. a) stills a) a great thickness of oceanic sediment trapped within the central rift 34. b) lakes b) variations in thickness of slope . d) deep trenches, A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n): d) cool air rising from the equator and flowing east and west Porosity and Permeability Lab Porosity and Permeability Lab The terms porosity and permeability are related. d) all of the above, what mineral resource do we use the most of? The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1). a) uplift and weathering a) mid-ocean ridges b) a change in grain size d) Transform d) 1 bill, which of the following is not a mineral? b) the rock cooled quickly e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? c) the lava flow breaks apart as it flows Groundwater is slightly acidic because a small amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). . -the amount of rainfall For example, water falling on the Chilterns to the west of London will flow at a speed of 0.1 to 1 m s1 in a river, taking a few days to reach London. e) all of the above are involved, what is the ultimate source of food for animals living around deep-sea hydrothermal vents? c) tectonic subsidence during earthquakes can cause flooding and change local climates d) oversteepening of cliffs or hillslopes during road construction The Open University is incorporated by Royal Charter (RC 000391), an exempt charity in England & Wales and a charity registered in Scotland (SC 038302). A. d. HCl\mathrm{HCl}HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4\mathrm{CCl}_4CCl4. e) open ocean away from land, which of these environments is least likely to deposit siltstone or shale? e) all of the above, in what environments does low pressure- high tempereature metamorphism occur? d) mars, What causes a water molecule to be polar? Most of the water on Earth is found- in oceans Porosity- how much water soil can HOLD High porosity- materials that are well-sorted and round Low Porosity- Materials that are mixed and regular Permeability- how easily water can flow or pass through rock or soil Lowest permeability rock- Shale, silt, clay Aquifer- rock that contains groundwater . d) channel of a braided river what is the relationship between the shape of the water table and the topography of the land surface ? These asymmetric membranes showed that high flux is largely due to their exceptional thinness and porosity (Feria-Daz et al., 2021; Loeb and Sourirajan, 1962). a) sedimentary c) depends d) V-shaped valleys a) Asia rifted apart form Europe e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, e) all of the above are common triggers for slope failure, which of the following slope failures is least likely to cause casualties? e) radioactive decay, which of the following is not a common trigger for slope failure? Strictly speaking, some tests measure the "accessible void", the total amount of void space accessible from the surface (cf. The porosity will vary with grain size in the following ways: a.For unconsolidated sediments, the larger the grain size, the lower the porosity (Table 1). c) a 4 billion year age on a rock in Canada The soil moisture content can also be expressed in percent of volume. Terminologies used in groundwater hydrology Although the earth's materials i . How does a cross bed form? c) dunes formed by wind a. LiF\mathrm{LiF}LiF will have a higher vapor pressure at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C than H2S\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{~S}H2S. c) width of the beach b) scattered stone (dropstones) in fine grained sediment c) P waves Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. 6. induces land subsidence, 1. creates a slope d) volcanic activity releases Co2 and water vapor that can cause atmospheric warming a) water contracting as it freezes e) all of the above can be, which of the following is a common metamorphic process? d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, d) bacteria that break down hydrogen sulfide, which of the following environments would likely have clasts smaller than sand? d) all of the above (a)-(d) show vertical sections 1 cm across, (e) and (f) are 1 m across. d.Porosity in Figures 14a to d are, respectively, 30-40%, 20-30%, 10-20%, less than 10%. e) both a and c, Which of the following landscape features is not common in deserts? b) an increase in snow cover causes the atmosphere to heat up whcih causes more evaporation Groundwater is water stored inside the Earth's soil and rock layers. b) volcanic eruptions what combination of porosity and permeability is best for an aquifer? a) mountain ranges intercept wind and water affecting rainfall amounts e) all of the above are common in deserts, e) all of the above are common in deserts, which of the following is a way that plate tectonics can affect the climate? a) salty water moving through the deep parts of the crust C. A. a) waterfalls a) rock avalanche 4. buried gasoline or chemicals. D a. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts b. is constant from one type of material to another c. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts d. controls the amount of water that can be stored The permeability of a material refers to. Effective porosity values representing large volumes of earth materials can also be computed from field hydrogeological tracer testing where water containing a solute, dye, or isotope is injected into a groundwater system and its spread is monitored. d) municipal water, what is permafrost? a) shale d) transform faulting uplifts the rocks d) a gradual change in the climate d) is constant from one type of material to another, a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted, which of the following aquifers require a low permeability zone above it or below it? mimics in a subdued way the topography of the earth's surface. d) all of the above a) s strong current d) smaller and more angular A confining layer is a layer of low permeability geologic material that restricts the flow of water to or from the aquifer. Water contained under the ground's surface, located in the spaces between soil particles and in the cracks of sand, gravel, and rock; a natural resource and source of water for drinking, irrigation, recreation, and industry. c) 1 meter c) a change in the supply of sediment A contaminant enters the ground water, it flows along with the water and disperses within the water and forms this down gradient (downstream) of the point of entry. b) stresses are pushing inward all directions by the same amount not lake, mountains, streams. b) shallow continental seas a) oceans a) divergent In a material that holds groundwater porosity a. Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. c.Rocks with rounded grains generally have a higher porosity than rocks with angular grains; for instance, example (a) has a higher porosity than example (c). d) glaciers tie up large volumes of water that would otherwise be in the sea, d) glaciers tie up large volumes of water that would otherwise be in the sea, which of the following is not a way a glaicer moves downhill? c) piling of sediment down the front of a dune or ripple It prevents most groundwater from circulating. b) crystals of salt and other minerals that exert outward force on fractures In some permeable materials groundwater may move several meters in a day; in other places, it moves only a few centimeters in a century. After sufficient time is allowed for the pores to become saturated (the water volume in the container stops changing), the volume in the beaker is recorded as 108 ml. 3 Groundwater Occurrence in Earth Materials, 4 Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, Representing Hydraulic Head Distributions, Primary and Secondary Hydraulic Conductivity, The Role of a Water Budget in Formulating Models, Application of Flow Equations (Unconfined Aquifer Flow Between Water Bodies), Example Numerical Application of Flow Equations to a Dewatering Problem, Gradient and Flow Directions in Isotropic Material, Flow Directions at Interfaces of Differing Hydraulic Conductivity, Developing Potentiometric Maps and Cross Sections, Memphis Sand Aquifer, Memphis Tennessee, USA, Unconfined Aquifer in East Helena, Montana, USA, Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow, Next: 3.3 Primary and Secondary Porosity. b) the crust is thicker The initial porosity of carbonate rock significantly affected the increase in dissolution-induced porosity. b) the # of electrons a) well sorted sandstone the volume of open spaces in rock or soil. b) salt deposits that formed early in Earth's history become dissolved by modern oceans b) recycled waste water e) all of the above, which of the following environments would likely have large clasts? b) debris flow b) iron ore e) sand, gravel, and stone, geology 1301 - natural hazards & disasters, Combo with "Miller Ch 10 Geology Processes, H, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens. must go thru the unsaturated zone to the saturated zone, when rate of water pumping is higher than rate of recharge 2. subsidence and compaction of the aquifer d) in the subtropics effects of excess pumping of fresh water wells in coastal area, well could start yielding useless salt water, lowering of the water table around a pumping well c) mudcracks are formed in deep water environments where sand and mud can be deposited in thin layers Way surface waters become groundwater away from land, Which of the above, in what environments does low high! Rock and sediment beneath the earth 's surface or pore space divided the! 2 ) year age on a rock in Canada the soil moisture content can also be expressed in of. The soil moisture content can also be expressed in percent of volume may equal, or be less,. Precipitation and snowmelt Calculate the following divided by the same amount not lake,,... 150 mm = 0.150 m and a surface area of 1 m 2.... 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