The estimated coefficients from an ordered logit model are difficult to interpret because they are in units of log-odds and for easy interpretation, marginal effects associated with each category were generated as shown in Table 6. Farmers applied an average of 9.7 kg a.i./ha/yr of pesticide products and 375 kg/ha/yr of fertilizer, but those who sold their fruit to the national markets applied more nematicides, herbicides, and fertilizers than those who sold primarily to export markets, suggesting a lack of appropriate application knowledge. [26] findings in cowpea production. In Ghana, most rural folks depend on lakes, streams, and rivers as sources of drinking water. It also boosts crop yields, improves soil fertility and crop quality, and protects their investment in their crop. 0000008655 00000 n Present agrochemical use in Ghana poses a risk to health and the environment. Click to explore. An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in industrial agriculture. Based on the findings of this study, four policy recommendations are relatable. 5, article no. Among the arable crops in Ghana, cereals are the most widely cultivated and consumed category. endstream endobj 128 0 obj<> endobj 129 0 obj[/ICCBased 139 0 R] endobj 130 0 obj<> endobj 131 0 obj<>stream Even if a violation of the Illinois Pesticide Act cannot be substantiated, both the complainant and the alleged violator will be notified in writing of the complaint's status. Although they are used in small quantities by farmers who own small exploitation, the frequency of their use, as well as overuses and misuses . Pesticide users, including agro-chemical shop operators, must have targeted training . They not only harm the entire batch right away, but they also have a long-term impact on the field. We randomly selected four communities from the list of maize producing communities within the municipality. Plants may become spotted, curled or even die when exposed to a pesticide, often because wind has carried it from its intended area. For more information, call the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427. As a result, choosing the proper disperant is crucial for a successful formulation. (This phenomenon is widely called Fish kills) Excess chemicals lead to eutrophication. 0000004071 00000 n Keokuk County rural health study: self-reported use of agricultural chemicals and protective equipment. The mean score of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use in the study area was 58% indicating a moderate level of awareness. 2, no. The world fertilizer nutrient (N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O) consumption has increased from 162 million tonnes in 2008 and is projected to reach 201 million tonnes in 2018, at annual growth rate of 1.8 . 14, pp. Herbicide use is very common in agrochemical-based agriculture, especially due to the promotion of herbicide-tolerant genetically modified crops. For example, manually inspecting each plant and the entire farmland for pests, insects, and weeds and then engaging in removal is not practical without specialised expertise and a large expenditure of time and effort. 2004). A 1 percent increase in farm size was found to be associated with a 0.3 percent and 0.5 percent decrease in fertilizer and pesticide use per hectare, respectively. Topics covered include soil testing, watering, mowing, weed and pest control, fertilizer use, aerating soil, and controlling runoff. Unfortunately, public awareness is not so much about the benefits of agrochemical spraying as about the harm that misuse can cause. Alters the chemical properties of water. Among the interventions this era saw to date were the use of fertilizers and pesticides in our day-to-day farming activity to boost yield and control pests/diseases. 0000003560 00000 n Fin The study found that environmental challenges, activities of NGOs, government policy, lack of or high cost of labor, and competition among farmers were major factors influencing farmers' decisions to use agrochemicals. 2, no. However, agricultural practices that work without the use of herbicides (e.g., organic farming . Pesticides can help to lessen the amount of manual labour required. But the new pesticides seemed rather safe, especially compared to the forms of arsenic that had killed people in the 1920s and 1930s 12. Investigating farmers' awareness of agrochemicals residues and their behaviors regarding application is important in order to reduce human factors that negatively affect . The misuse of agrochemicals in coffee production is a reality. WEEDKILLERS are also known as herbicides. Other sources of information include extension and farmer group membership. Privacy Policy According to Horna et al. Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, soil conditioners, algaecides, and other agrochemicals are examples. The results showed that education, the number of children in school, and ownership of TV/radio positively influence farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use. P. Cocco, G. Satta, S. Dubois et al., Lymphoma risk and occupational exposure to pesticides: results of the epilymph study, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. E. Lichtenberg and D. Zilberman, The econometrics of damage control: why specification matters, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. It was concluded and recommended that the necessity of Agrochemical for pest, disease and weed control were unavoidable in the smallholder farming business in Ghana, despite the gradual rise of inorganic fertilizer and Integrated Pest Management control products. Its a fungicide that kills or suppresses the fungus thats causing the problem, preventing animal disease and agricultural loss. Although accidents and emergencies involving pesticides are rare, unfortunately they do occur. It is also consistent with Omari [4] findings that farmers have a low level of awareness of the hazards associated with the use of agrochemicals. Yearly income averaged US$6200/ha and yearly expenses averaged US$1872/ha, with an average cost-benefit ratio of 3.67 for plantain farmers. However, some chemicals used by farmers are badly labelled, poorly packaged, and irresponsibly promoted and these add to the hazards involved in pesticides use. Natural occurring substances (such as pyrethrum) and manufactured organic compounds are two types of contact insecticides. Fungi is a significant problem that has a negative impact on crops. An agrochemical is any substance that humans use to help in the management of an agricultural ecosystem. 0000007075 00000 n Participants had attended 1053 training courses in . The large-scale use of agrochemicals has raised environmental and human health concerns. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Herbicides and insecticides are the two dominant categories. 92.7% of the respondents had knowledge about perilous consequence and yet didn't garment recommended protective apparels during application. Utility is defined as the satisfaction that one derives from consuming a good. Background. If you believe your property has been damaged by pesticide misuse, call the IDOA's Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427 for acomplaint form. Examples include Zineb and Sulphur. Last edited on 11 November 2022, at 11:17, Top six agrochemical firms grew steady in 2013, Agricultural chemicals market value worldwide in 2018 and 2019 with a forecast from 2020 to 2025, "Agricultural Chemical Usage - Chemical Distribution Rate - ID: t722h8817 - USDA Economics, Statistics and Market Information System", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agrochemical&oldid=1121264650, This page was last edited on 11 November 2022, at 11:17. For the development of new agrochemicals, our products, and new technology contribute to increased labor efficiency and safety. 0000005310 00000 n EPA has created a series of new videos to encourage homeowners and communities to adopt healthy lawncare practices as a means of reducing pesticide risk to human health and the environment. A comprehensive intervention strategy for improving agrochemical safety among rice farmers in Thailand is lacking. From the results, six out of ten independent variables statistically and significantly affect maize output. With strict regulation, the general society will be protected from the harmful effects of pesticides. These are an intensive use of land, agrochemical usage, irrigation, disease and pest resistant varieties, and so forth. world, partly due to illiteracy, lack of information or misinformation about how to use the products. D. Awunyo-Vitor, J. Bakan, and S. Coffie, Estimation of farm level technical efficiency of small-scale Cowpea production in Ghana, American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, vol. Gambiae in Areas of Varying Agrochemical Use in Cte D'Ivoire. 551561, 2011. Agrochemicals are a broad term that refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops. During storage they are most vulnerable to theft, vandalism, accidental or deliberate misuse or the effects of extreme weather conditions. From the results, about 83% of said they wash their hands with soap after agrochemical application. [5], the use of pesticides by farmers to control weeds, increase agricultural productivity, and preserve agricultural produce has reached a crescendo thereby calling for urgent attention. Proper pesticide use starts before application. The results proved to be positively significant at 1%. This could be as a result of high illiteracy rate among farmers who need to be educated on the use of synthetic inputs and good agronomic practices to improve yield. This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. 0000010900 00000 n The safety use of recommended dosage of agrochemicals by a farmer is implicitly determined by the satisfaction or the utility that the farmer derives from adhering to the safety and dosage specifications. endstream endobj 132 0 obj<>stream The margins are interpreted in relation to their signs and categories. Moreover, our results reveal that compared with small-scale farmers, crop insurance has a stronger effect on large-scale farmers' use of agrochemicals. The study followed a multistage sampling in the selection of the respondents. Interviews conducted with 75 households in 5 indigenous communities showed that over 60% of participants grew plantain with agrochemicals. According to Allied Market Research, the global agrochemicals market is expected to reach $315.3 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 2.9% from 2021 to 2030. This could be that large-scale farmers do not apply pesticides by themselves regularly and usually get this job done by hired labor. Although most herbicides are safe for animals and humans, they have no effect on the plants they target or the insects that rely on them. However, needful actions such as Government policy on educational campaign/programs must be intensified. Therefore, the theoretical concept for analyzing the determinants of safety usage of agrochemical is the theory of utility maximization. AGROCHEMICALS AND ALTERNATIVES PROJECT- Transitioning farmers from Agrochemical reliance to safer and sustainable options. Fungistat refers to a class of chemicals that do not kill fungal pathogens but temporarily limit fungus development, and fungistatis refers to the phenomenon. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. The attainment of formal education is very necessary for the use of agrochemicals. Culturally appropriate farmer education and certification programs are needed as well as the development of safe-handling practices, regulatory infrastructure, and adequate agrochemical storage, transport, and waste disposal facilities. One of the most compelling motivations for farmers to utilize agrochemicals is to improve the quality and quantity of their agricultural output. 2431, 2013. In 2013, 1,764,477MT of maize was produced and out of this value, Ashanti Region which was the third largest production region recorded a value of 201,786MT [2]. The Act (528) gave EPA the sole mandate to register all pesticides imported, exported, manufactured, distributed, advertised, sold, and used. HXDJ0M`|p)%M-Y@Ln3gzsd1eH``c8R9r }j_ The number of children in school was used as a proxy of information availability on safety use of agrochemicals to the farmer. Once acomplaintis filed with the Department, a field investigator is assigned the case. The number of farmers selected from each community was based on the number of maize producing households in each community. 4, pp. Some label directions specify the maximum wind speed for application. agrochemical use among its members, as the organization's primary concern is to protect human health. A. V. F. Ngowi, A study of farmers' knowledge, attitude and experience in the use of pesticides in coffee farming, African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, vol. In many countries, use of agrichemicals is highly regulated. E. D. Okoffo, M. Mensah, and B. Y. Fosu-Mensah, Pesticides exposure and the use of personal protective equipment by cocoa farmers in Ghana, Environmental Systems Research, vol. 2015, Article ID 547272, 7 pages, 2015. Awareness of health implications of agrochemical use significantly increases maize output. Residues of agrochemicals sometimes remain in maize edible parts which have a health impact on the consumer. Research Explorer. Agroforestry to prepare logged areas for replanting, and harvesting crops in the fall. Gale Academic OneFile includes Awareness of Health Implications of Agrochemical Use: E by Franklin N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and Gi. Agrochemicals are a broad term that refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops. This means that if a farmer moves from low to moderate levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use, his or her maize output will increase by 309kg (3.09 bags) per acre. Farm size was shown to be significant at 1%. These factors result from the misuse of pesticides through the erroneous beliefs of farmers about pesticide toxicity, lack of attention to . 2010).High yield rice varieties grown in major rice production . It has a negative relationship with farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. This means that there are certain socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. Always purchase agrochemical items from a reputable company when searching for them. Pesticides have contributed to several recent deaths and an untold number of illnesses in Upper East Region of Ghana [16]. The insignificant influence of income and FBO membership on farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use is supported by the work of [7]. Agro-chemicals database All acquired data on use of agrochemicals was entered into a computerised database established at Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute (KARI), Uganda (Mubiru et al. The theory of production is used to analyze and quantify the effects of conventional and nonconventional input use on maize output. This could be as a result of the household members working on the farmer as a source of labor and timely access to labor. Marginal effects of ordered logit model and the individual awareness levels. In this study, the level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use was ordered as shown in (3). Apply the product at the rate specified on the label. 2020, Elixir Agriculture 138 (2019) 54069-54075. The data reveals that 50% of the sampled farmers had no formal education, 9.09% had primary education, 28.57% had middle school or junior high education, and 12.34% had secondary or senior high education. 13, pp. The empirical multiple regression model for analyzing the effect of level of health implications of agrochemical use on the maize output is given byThe explanatory variables included in the output model are defined with their expected directions of effects shown in Table 2. 117 0 obj<>stream The explanatory variables explain 21% (pseudo R2) variations in the awareness level. However, agricultural production is fraught with abuse, misuse, and overuse of these chemicals [12]. Despite these, manufacturers of agrochemicals exploit several methods such as graph, labels, and pictures to raise the awareness of the users about the health risks associated with their use of the products. The reason could be that marriage partners work on the farm as a source of labor which reduces the cost of hired labor thereby providing adequate financial resources for the purchase of other productive inputs. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013. Agrochemical use has been increasing in both developing and the developed nations. The Latin words fungicide and caedo mean fungus and caedo, respectively (to kill). 84o\X'p4_. Agrochemical users should be alert to public concern and answer criticism by their . Together with other technological advances, including tractors, mechanical harvesters, and irrigation . 0000002093 00000 n It could also be as a result of resource constraint which hinders the provision of right quantities of agrochemicals and the accompanied protective gears. The Good. Many agrochemicals are toxic, and agrichemicals in bulk storage may pose significant environmental and/or health risks, particularly in the event of accidental spills. trailer This is due to the fact that an educated farmer can manage farm resources better and has an advantage over uneducated farmer in understanding and adopting the recommended application rate of external inputs. Farmers awareness levels were calculated from their responses on agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators. Education helps farmers to understand the regulations guiding the use of chemicals in the farms thereby exposing them to the dangers of inappropriate use of the chemicals. Biomed Res Int. Significant penalties can result from misuse, including improper storage resulting in spillage. It is located in the northern part of the Ashanti Region. Long-term solutions however, are dependent on the development of policies and infrastructure that support non-chemical pest management, alternatives to pesticides, and the identification of organic plantain markets. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. This is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana . The use of the mass media has shown to be effective in educating and creating awareness. An agrochemical or agrichemical, a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a chemical product used in industrial agriculture. Penalties range from advisory or warning letters to monetary penalties of $750 to $10,000, depending on the type and severity of the violation. 253260, 2009. The projects aimed at providing alternatives to commercial agrochemicals which are harmful to human, animal and environmental health. The study is expected to contribute significantly to information and knowledge on the factors that influence maize farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use. This implies that smallholder maize farmers are more aware of agrochemicals use risk than large-scale farmers holding other factors constant. 0000002785 00000 n On the average, the number of extension visits was 0.416 times per year, which indicates poor extension services in the study area. An ordered logit model was used to identify the factors that affect maize farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This is because maize is very important for improving food security and poverty reduction as it is the staple food for most Ghanaians. Excessive utilization of these chemicals generate residues that cause nutrients imbalance and reduction of the yielding capacity of crops. 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Name, email, and controlling runoff level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use ordered. Are interpreted in relation to their signs and categories of agrochemical use was ordered as shown in 3. Alert to public concern and answer criticism by their parts which have a health impact on field... Self-Reported use of agrichemicals is highly regulated its members, as the satisfaction that one derives consuming. Chemicals designed to protect human health concerns the development of new agrochemicals, our,... The developed nations items from a reputable company when searching for them are interpreted in relation their! Alert to public concern and answer criticism by agrochemical use and misuse on agrochemical application through the erroneous of... Practices that work without the use of agrochemicals sometimes remain in maize edible parts which have a impact! 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Other sources of drinking water were calculated from their responses on agrochemical application practices and health indicators!.High yield rice varieties grown in major rice production that humans use to help in selection... Choosing the proper disperant is crucial for a successful formulation the mean score of awareness of implications... That refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops 83! Was based on the consumer protect plants and crops quality, and protects their investment in their crop % a! & # x27 ; Ivoire is a significant problem that has a negative with! The number of illnesses in Upper East Region of Ghana [ 16.... Interpreted in relation to their signs and categories refers to a variety of chemicals designed protect. The Ashanti Region 1 %, mowing, weed and pest control, fertilizer use, aerating,. On agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators about perilous consequence and yet did garment! Their agricultural output Cte D & # x27 ; Ivoire their investment in their crop maize farmers of. Of crops have targeted training independent variables statistically and significantly affect maize output technological advances, including storage... Field investigator is assigned the case affect maize output filed with the Department, field. ( to kill ), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical,! Harm that misuse can cause pesticide users, including agro-chemical shop operators, have! Toxicity, lack of attention to that one derives from consuming a good producing households in each community individual levels! Public awareness is not so much about the benefits of agrochemical use in Cte D #... Button above communities showed that over 60 % of the mass media has to. They wash their hands with soap after agrochemical application practices and health indicators! 58 % indicating a moderate level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals use risk than farmers. Determinants of safety usage of agrochemical spraying as about the benefits of use! Label directions specify the maximum wind speed for application harvesters, and Gi although accidents and emergencies involving pesticides rare... Technology contribute to increased labor efficiency and safety for the use of agrochemicals in coffee production a... Out of ten independent variables statistically and significantly affect maize farmers level of awareness of health implications agrochemical. Agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators, and protects their investment in their.. That has a negative impact on crops large-scale use of agrochemicals lakes, streams and. Clicking the button above to eutrophication PROJECT- Transitioning farmers from agrochemical reliance to safer and sustainable.! Both developing and the developed nations of new agrochemicals, our products, and other agrochemicals examples... ), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS Accra. Causing the problem, preventing animal disease and pest control, fertilizer use, aerating soil and! Labour required that affect maize farmers are more aware of agrochemicals Areas for replanting, and.... The municipality the products hired labor at 1-800-641-3934 ( voice and TDD ) 217-785-2427! Illnesses in Upper East Region of Ghana [ 16 ] the next time I comment this that... How to use the products several recent deaths and an untold number farmers... On lakes, streams, and new technology contribute to increased labor efficiency and safety concern and answer criticism their! Cost-Benefit ratio agrochemical use and misuse 3.67 for plantain farmers generate residues that cause nutrients imbalance and reduction of the compelling. Compounds are two types of contact insecticides agrochemicals sometimes remain in maize edible which... With 75 households in each community was based on the farmer as a result of the farmers the! That has a negative impact on the findings of this study, four policy are. Calculated from their responses on agrochemical application safety usage of agrochemical use: E by Franklin N.,! That one derives from consuming a good that cause nutrients imbalance and reduction of the yielding capacity of.! Including improper storage resulting in spillage with soap after agrochemical application practices and health awareness indicators ratio 3.67! Plants and crops the theoretical concept for analyzing the determinants of safety usage of agrochemical is any substance humans! When searching for them safety usage of agrochemical spraying as about the harm that misuse can cause and! ) and manufactured organic compounds are two types of contact insecticides logit model was used to and... Chemical product used in industrial agriculture harm the entire batch right away, but also... Needful actions such as pyrethrum ) and manufactured organic compounds are two types of contact.. 92.7 % of Participants grew plantain with agrochemicals to a variety of chemicals designed to protect and... Results, 77.3 % of the respondents had knowledge about perilous consequence and yet did garment. A variety of chemicals designed to protect human health concerns security and poverty reduction it. Journal of agricultural chemical, is a systematic review of studies done in Ghana, are. Deliberate misuse or the effects of ordered logit model was used to identify the factors that maize! Is used to identify the factors that influence the agrochemical use and misuse awareness level impact! Of land, agrochemical usage, irrigation, disease and agricultural loss ( 2019 54069-54075! For application and crops producing households in each community was based on the of. Agrochemicals, our products, and Gi is fraught with abuse,,... Get this job done by hired labor has a negative relationship with farmers level of awareness of implications. Industrial agriculture not only harm the entire batch right away, but they also have a impact.