The VC10s on these Nigeria Airways timetables mostly referred to BOAC VC10s that were flown with Nigeria Airways stickers. [90], The Comet's second fatal accident occurred on 2 May 1953, when BOAC Flight 783, a Comet 1, registered G-ALYV, crashed in a severe thundersquall six minutes after taking off from Calcutta-Dum Dum (now Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport), India,[91] killing all 43 on board. BOAC proudly served during the war. 1 November: The inaugural flight of a BOAC De Havilland Comet 4 aircraft on the London to Sydney route took place. [191][192] In 2012, with the planned closure of RAF Lyneham, the aircraft was slated to be dismantled and shipped to the RAF Museum Cosford where it was to be re-assembled for display. Although the fuselage failed after a number of cycles that represented three times the life of G-ALYP at the time of the accident, it was still much earlier than expected. FR. The World's First Jet Airliner" U.K. The Sud-Est SE 530/532/535 Mistral (FB 53) was a single-seat fighter-bomber version of the de Havilland Vampire jet fighter, used by. ", This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 18:58. Its introduction into BOAC service in May 1952, was greeted as the dawning of a new age in passenger travel. G-ALYR a/f 6004. This simply meant that the planes landed on solid ground at airports rather than water. [72], Prince Philip returned from the Helsinki Olympic Games with G-ALYS on 4 August 1952. The redesigned aircraft was named the DH.106 Comet in December 1947. Crashed near Elba 10/1/54. [86][87] The accident was the first fatal jetliner crash. Among those also on board were the respective BOAC and de Havilland managing directors, Basil Smallpeice and Aubrey Burke. Smith, Adrian. The return flight to London took place three days later, on May 5, 1952. [97][N 17], Just over a year later, Rome's Ciampino airport, the site of the first Comet hull loss, was the origin of a more-disastrous Comet flight. [162] Design changes had been made to make the aircraft more suitable for transatlantic operations. All airline customers for the Comet 3 subsequently cancelled their orders and switched to the Comet 4,[63] which was based on the Comet 3 but with improved fuel capacity. On the flight, he was accompanied by Chris Beaumont, Chief Test Pilot of the DeHavilland Engine Company (that made the Comet 1's Ghost engines) who stood in the entrance to the cockpit behind the Flight Engineer. The aircraft, registered G-ALYP, had taken off shortly before from Ciampino Airport in Rome, en route to . [22][23] At the controls was de Havilland chief test pilot John "Cats Eyes" Cunningham, a famous night-fighter pilot of the Second World War, along with co-pilot Harold "Tubby" Waters, engineers John Wilson (electrics) and Frank Reynolds (hydraulics), and flight test observer Tony Fairbrother. [112] This time, the entire fuselage was tested in a dedicated water tank that was built specifically at Farnborough to accommodate its full length. Kodera, Craig, Mike Machat and Jon Proctor. The sole surviving Comet fuselage with the original square-shaped windows, part of a Comet 1A registered F-BGNX, has undergone restoration and is on display at the de Havilland Aircraft Museum in Hertfordshire, England. At about 09:50 GMT BOAC Argonaut, G-ALHJ piloted by Captain Johnson, which was flying the same route at a lower altitude was in contact with Captain Gibson. The aircraft featured an aerodynamically clean design with four de Havilland Ghost turbojet engines buried in the wing roots, a pressurized cabin, and large square windows. 192 Squadron RAF Comet 2R beyond repair on 13 September 1957, and three Middle East Airlines Comet 4Cs were destroyed by Israeli troops at Beirut, Lebanon, on 28 December 1968. [93] The Comet 1 and 1A had been criticised for a lack of "feel" in their controls,[95] and investigators suggested that this might have contributed to the pilot's alleged over-stressing of the aircraft;[96] Comet chief test pilot John Cunningham contended that the jetliner flew smoothly and was highly responsive in a manner consistent with other de Havilland aircraft. Birtles, P.J. ", "Commercial Aircraft 1953: De Havilland Comet. The Comet 1 was powered by four 2,018 kg thrust de Havilland Ghost turbojets buried in the wing roots. For the era, it offered a relatively quiet, comfortable passenger cabin and was commercially promising at its debut in 1952. [117] The exact origin of the fatigue failure could not be identified but was localised to the ADF antenna cut out. [98] The Comet fleet was immediately grounded once again and a large investigation board was formed under the direction of the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE). The Comet, with its. [N 8] Revised first orders from BOAC and British South American Airways[N 9] totalled 14 aircraft, with delivery projected for 1952. 1963 De Havilland DH106 Comet 4C 'Canopus', serial number 6473, G-CDPA, formerly XS235, was the last Comet to remain flying and is now the only surviving Com. Design and construction flaws, including improper riveting and dangerous concentrations of stress around some of the square windows, were ultimately identified. The cargo hold had its doors located directly underneath the aircraft, so each item of baggage or cargo had to be loaded vertically upwards from the top of the baggage truck, then slid along the hold floor to be stacked inside. [145], In the 1960s, orders declined, a total of 76 Comet 4s being delivered from 1958 to 1964. [138], The Comet 4 was ordered by two other airlines: Aerolneas Argentinas took delivery of six Comet 4s from 1959 to 1960, using them between Buenos Aires and Santiago, New York and Europe, and East African Airways received three new Comet 4s from 1960 to 1962 and operated them to the United Kingdom and to Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The overall flight takes under 30 hours. The inquiries into the accidents that plagued the Comet 1 were perhaps some of the most extensive and revolutionary that have ever taken place, establishing precedents in accident investigation; many of the deep-sea salvage and aircraft reconstruction techniques employed have remained in use within the aviation industry. : This photo of Super VC10 G-ASGD taken in Mexico in 1972 shows the Speedbird livery without Cunard titles. [190] A Comet C2 Sagittarius with serial XK699, later maintenance serial 7971M, was formerly on display at the gate of RAF Lyneham in Wiltshire, England since 1987. [175][N 24], The last two Comet 4C aircraft produced were modified as prototypes (XV148 & XV147) to meet a British requirement for a maritime patrol aircraft for the Royal Air Force; initially named "Maritime Comet", the design was designated Type HS 801. [82] The Dan-Air de Havilland Comet crash in Spain's Montseny range on 3 July 1970 was attributed to navigational errors by air traffic control and pilots. [20], The first prototype DH.106 Comet (carrying Class B markings G-5-1) was completed in 1949 and was initially used to conduct ground tests and brief early flights. The de Havilland Comet 4 aircraft reduced the flight time between London and New York to seven hours - significantly less than the 18-20 hours it took on the Boeing Stratocruiser [184], In military service, the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force was the largest operator, with 51 Squadron (19581975; Comet C2, 2R), 192 Squadron (19571958; Comet C2, 2R), 216 Squadron (19561975; Comet C2 and C4), and the Royal Aircraft Establishment using the aircraft. BOAC DE HAVILLAND Comet 4 Radio Maintenance Schedule - Original And Rare - $73.31. Nigeria Airways timetable August 1965 - page 1 The operation was short-lived and was dissolved in 1966. BOAC SOUTH PACIFIC Route Airline Menu Ny -San Francisco-Honolulu-Nandi-Sydney - $38.98. Armour had to be placed around the engine cells to contain debris from any serious engine failures; also, placing the engines inside the wing required a more complicated wing structure. [57] The Comet's buried-engine configuration increased its structural weight and complexity. The committee concluded that fire was the most likely cause of the problem, and changes were made to the aircraft to protect the engines and wings from damage that might lead to another fire. [82][186] A hangar fire damaged a No. Photo L. Franco via Aviation Photography of Miami collection: Prototype Super VC10 during the transition from BOAC to BA, only the titling over the BOAC . [177], The original operators of the early Comet 1 and the Comet 1A were BOAC, Union Aromaritime de Transport and Air France. G-ALYP a/f 6003. [132] Capital's order included 10 Comet 4As, a variant modified for short-range operations with a stretched fuselage and short wings, lacking the pinion (outboard wing) fuel tanks of the Comet 4. [12] The DH 108s were later modified to test the DH.106's power controls. It was on that date when a BOAC Comet departed from Rome and climbed to 26,000 feet and attempted to reach 36,000 feet. It was later determined that the Comet's wing profile experienced a loss of lift at a high angle of attack, and its engine inlets also suffered a lack of pressure recovery in the same conditions. [186] Pilot error was blamed for the type's first fatal accident, which occurred during takeoff at Karachi, Pakistan, on 3 March 1953 and involved a Canadian Pacific Airlines Comet 1A. [51], When several of the fuselage alloys were discovered to be vulnerable to weakening via metal fatigue, a detailed routine inspection process was introduced. While the report noted that stress around fuselage cut-outs, emergency exits and windows was found to be much higher than expected due to DeHavilland's assumptions and testing methods[122] the passenger windows shape has been commonly misunderstood and cited as a cause of the fuselage failure. [194] A Comet 4B (G-APYD) is stored in a facility at the Science Museum at Wroughton in Wiltshire, England. BOAC COMET 4 Captains Folder Africa routes original 1960s document - EUR 54,29. However, the route was suspended in October 1943, and a UK-Cairo-Karachi service was launched. Both of these aeroplanes would continue to operate side by side until the formation of British Airways PLC in 1974. The Comet 1 airliner roared into the air and into historyon 20,000 pounds of thrust from its four De Havilland Ghost jet engines. [82], Other operators used the Comet either through leasing arrangements or through second-hand acquisitions. On 4 October . [131], Development flying and route proving with the Comet 3 allowed accelerated certification of what was destined to be the most successful variant of the type, the Comet 4. In September 1972 the airlines of BOAC and BEA began a merger, eventually forming British Airways on 31 March 1974. [4] One of its recommendations was for the development and production of a pressurised, transatlantic mailplane that could carry 1 long ton (2,200lb; 1,000kg) of payload at a cruising speed of 400mph (640km/h) non-stop. [150] Cunningham likened the Comet to the later Concorde and added that he had assumed that the aircraft would change aviation, which it subsequently did. [170] Only two Comet 3s began construction; G-ANLO, the only airworthy Comet 3, was demonstrated at the Farnborough SBAC Show in September 1954. A year later, the second prototype G-5-2 made its maiden flight. The De Havilland Aircraft Company DH106 Comet was the World's first pressurised commercial jet airliner and it was the source of enormous national pride. VINTAGE 1953 BOAC AIRLINES SPEEDBIRD ROUTE MAP TIMETABLE. A countersunk bolt hole and manufacturing damage that had been repaired at the time of construction using methods that were common, but were likely insufficient allowing for the stresses involved, were both located along the failure crack. Entering service in 1969, five Nimrod variants were produced. 1969. ST-AAX Comet 4C. As a result, the Comet was extensively redesigned, with oval windows, structural reinforcements and other changes. June - Oct 1955 Aircraft: Constellation Night stop in Singapore both ways BA704/705: First Class only BA706/707: Tourist Class only BA706 LHR-ZRH-BEY-KHI-CCU-SIN-JKT-DRW-SYD Day 1 arr +4 days BA704 LHR-ZRH-BEY-KHI-CCU-SIN-JKT-DRW-SYD Day 36 arr +4 days Trischler, Helmuth and Stefan Zeilinger, eds. [48], Diverse geographic destinations and cabin pressurisation alike on the Comet demanded the use of a high proportion of alloys, plastics, and other materials new to civil aviation across the aircraft to meet certification requirements. [29], The original Comet was the approximate length of, but not as wide as, the later Boeing 737-100, and carried fewer people in a significantly more-spacious environment. Before the Elba accident, G-ALYP had made 1,290 pressurised flights, while G-ALYY had made 900 pressurised flights before crashing. The. The exception was G-ARVC that spent a year in full Nigeria Airways livery, during 1966. The airplane operated on a return flight from London, UK to Singapore. In April 1960, 13 Comets, 19 Britannias and 6 DC-7Cs. [26] Both prototypes could be externally distinguished from later Comets by the large single-wheeled main landing gear, which was replaced on production models starting with G-ALYP by four-wheeled bogies. ARD ARD2012 BOAC De Havilland DH.106 Comet 4 G-APDT Diecast 1/200 Model Airplane. (from the structure)[126]. The Comet 4 was ordered by two other airlines: Aerolneas Argentinas took delivery of six Comet 4s from 1959 to 1960, using them between Buenos Aires and Santiago, New York and . The return flight left Tokyo on the 4th arriving at London on the 5th. [N 22][163] A total of 12 of the 44-seat Comet 2s were ordered by BOAC for the South Atlantic route. [52], Operationally, the design of the cargo holds led to considerable difficulty for the ground crew, especially baggage handlers at the airports. [195] Comet 4Cs are exhibited at the Flugausstellung Peter Junior at Hermeskeil, Germany (G-BDIW),[196] the Museum of Flight Restoration Center near Everett, Washington (N888WA),[181] and the National Museum of Flight near Edinburgh, Scotland (G-BDIX). The five-stop flight from London to Johannesburg was scheduled for 21 hr 20 min. The most extensive modification resulted in a specialised maritime patrol derivative, the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod, which remained in service with the Royal Air Force until 2011, over 60 years after the Comet's first flight. Initially used for development, training and route proving before the inaugural jet service to Jo,burg. The De Havilland Comet was used on BOAC's transatlantic crossing Credit: Getty I t all started with a newspaper. [36], For ease of training and fleet conversion, de Havilland designed the Comet's flight deck layout with a degree of similarity to the Lockheed Constellation, an aircraft that was popular at the time with key customers such as BOAC. 10 January 1954: BOAC jet crashes off the Mediterranean island of Elba killing 35 people on board 8 April 1954: South African Airways Comet crashes en route from Rome to Johannesburg - all 14. [109], On 8 April 1954, Comet G-ALYY ("Yoke Yoke"), on charter to South African Airways, was on a leg from Rome to Cairo (of a longer route, SA Flight 201 from London to Johannesburg), when it crashed in the Mediterranean near Naples with the loss of all 21 passengers and crew on board. [156] In response to the Comet tragedies, manufacturers also developed ways of pressurisation testing, often going so far as to explore rapid depressurisation; subsequent fuselage skins were of a greater thickness than the skin of the Comet. [140] Olympic Airways was the only other customer to order the type. Some amazing Britannia footage, Stratocruisers & DC-7Cs too! All outstanding orders for the Comet 2 were cancelled by airline customers. BOAC uses the Comet 4, Qantas the Boeing 707. [173] This variant became the Hawker Siddeley Nimrod and production aircraft were built at the Hawker Siddeley factory at Woodford Aerodrome. Specialised signals intelligence and electronic surveillance capability was later added to some airframes. [110] The Comet's Certificate of Airworthiness was revoked, and Comet 1 line production was suspended at the Hatfield factory while the BOAC fleet was permanently grounded, cocooned and stored. Avon-powered Comets were distinguished by larger air intakes and curved tailpipes that reduced the thermal effect on the rear fuselage. The Abell Committee focused on six potential aerodynamic and mechanical causes: control flutter (which had led to the loss of DH 108 prototypes), structural failure due to high loads or metal fatigue of the wing structure, failure of the powered flight controls, failure of the window panels leading to explosive decompression, or fire and other engine problems. Prototype Comet 1 Assembly Shop No apparent fault in the aircraft was found,[N 19] and the British government decided against opening a further public inquiry into the accident. [88], On 19 October 1954, the Cohen Committee was established to examine the causes of the Comet crashes. In May 1952 BOAC became the first airline in the world to fly passenger jets with the de Havilland Comet which initially flew via Nairobi to Johannesburg and via the Far East to Tokyo. Oakey, Michael, ed. [28] Two pairs of turbojet engines (on the Comet 1s, Halford H.2 Ghosts, subsequently known as de Havilland Ghost 50 Mk1s) were buried into the wings. "Database: D.H. 106 Comet". All early Comets were withdrawn from service for accident inquiries, during which orders from British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines, Japan Air Lines, Linea Aeropostal Venezolana, National Airlines, Pan American World Airways and Panair do Brasil were cancelled. "De Havilland DH.106 Comet. For VIP transport, the seating and accommodations were altered and provisions for carrying medical equipment including iron lungs were incorporated. $430.00. Modifications to the interiors allowed the Comet 2s to be used in several roles. [82], Nine Comets, including Comet 1s operated by BOAC and Union Aeromaritime de Transport and Comet 4s flown by Aerolneas Argentinas, Dan-Air, Malaysian Airlines and United Arab Airlines, were irreparably damaged during takeoff or landing accidents that were survived by all on board. As the aircraft could be profitable with a load factor as low as 43 percent, commercial success was expected. [72] BOAC Comet 1 at Entebbe Airport, Uganda in 1952 Prince Philip returned from the Helsinki Olympic Games with G-ALYS on 4 August 1952. VENDRE! [42] Power was syphoned from all four engines for the hydraulics, cabin air conditioning, and the de-icing system; these systems had operational redundancy in that they could keep working even if only a single engine was active. "Comet Service To South America Planned" (News). Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 18:58, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, "Comet Engineering: The Performance of Airframe, Engines, and Equipment in Operational Service. [15] Replacing previously specified Halford H.1 Goblin engines, four new, more-powerful Rolls-Royce Avons were to be incorporated in pairs buried in the wing roots; Halford H.2 Ghost engines were eventually applied as an interim solution while the Avons cleared certification. BOAC installed 36 reclining "slumberseats" with 45in (1,100mm) centres on its first Comets, allowing for greater leg room in front and behind;[30] Air France had 11 rows of seats with four seats to a row installed on its Comets. Just two years after its maiden commercial flight all the Comet 1 aircraft were grounded in 1954 after four unexplained crashes - the last two BOAC aircraft at . British South American Airways merged with BOAC in 1949. 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