Theirs had always been a stormy marriage, punctuated by bad behaviour on both sides and terrible rows. Death. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. He needed a secret sharer in his life as well as someone to admire him.
A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. Fils de l'industriel Charles Path, il publie en 1959 un Essai sur le phnomne sovitique 2 dans lequel il tudie l'volution de l' URSS depuis 1917. He and Aileen were married on 25 September 1946, while Aileen was pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. Could they have overlooked Philby's Communist wife?" [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. Biografi [ redigera | redigera wikitext] Philby var son till arabisten St. John Philby. H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. As he states in his autobiography, he . ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, H.A.R. Chicago-born Melinda, whom he married in France in 1940, knew all along that Donald was a spy. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. Melinda translated Russian stories into English for the weekly English paper, Moscow News. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. Burgess was arrested in September for drunken driving and was subsequently fired,[29] while Philby was appointed as an instructor on clandestine propaganda at the SOE's finishing school for agents at the Estate of Lord Montagu[30][pageneeded] in Beaulieu, Hampshire. Life is good here in every way.. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. 1915-1921. He would say we and our when speaking of the Soviet Union and defended his adopted countrys brutal crushing of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 an event that disgusted many Left-wing supporters back in the UK. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. And here she was plunked down in my midst! But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". He warned the Soviets of the attempted defection and travelled to Istanbulostensibly to handle the matter on behalf of SIS but, in reality, to ensure that Volkov had been neutralised. [54][61] There, his journalism served as cover for renewed work for MI6. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. After all, they won the war.'". At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. Want to Read. "Kim believed in a just society and devoted his whole life to communism. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? (. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. [3], On the evening of 23 January 1963, Philby vanished from Beirut, failing to meet his wife for a dinner party at the home of Glencairn Balfour Paul, First Secretary at the British Embassy. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. Harry George Philby was so named after Harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with. He had been ordered to investigate Maclean, another double agent who had been passing British secrets to the Soviets. Philby himself thought this might have been the case. Will former US government informant face terror charges inIndia. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. The news that Philby, a former MI6 officer, had been spying for the Russians since 1933 sounded an alarm in Whitehall. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. Once hed gone, she rode out the public furore, the door-stepping journalists, the MI5 questioning, the abuse and insinuations, the bullying of her sons at school. When young Philby's mother died in 1957, none of her children was invited to the funeral, and he never knew where she was buried. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. He didnt seem to mind that their marriage was over. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. [citation needed] It later emerged that the agentknown as Schmidthad also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby's eye. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. Change). Rate this book. Macleans outward calm in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. And he kept his word to the end." Burgess did not cope well. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . In fact, Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Burgess, were intimate friends; tipped off by Philby, who organised their defection, they fled to Moscow. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. [35] In early 1944, as it became clear that the Soviet Union was likely to once more prove a significant adversary to Britain, SIS re-activated Section Nine, which dealt with anti-communist efforts. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. [11][pageneeded] Following the Austrofascist victory in the Austrian Civil War, Philby and Friedmann married in February 1934, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with him two months later. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. Were working to restore it. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different.